Chikungunya Virus: A Novel and Potentially Serious Threat to New Zealand and the South Pacific Islands

Derraik, José G. B.; Slaney, David; Nye, Edwin R.; Weinstein, Philip

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0123

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nonetheless, this species was highly competent for CHIKV, a virus that presents a current threat to the country as it is expanding rapidly in Asia. 26 Other studies with CHIKV and Australian mosquitoes have been conducted, demonstrating the threat this virus poses to regions with competent vectors. 15,33 Vector competence experiments evaluating CHIKV containing the alanine to valine mutation first observed in La Reunion 34,35 should be conducted to determine whether there is a difference in competence for this new genotype that is currently circulating so widely in nearby regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 In addition, a theoretical risk assessment of the threat of CHIKV to NZ was published, although no experimental studies were conducted. 26 It is known that although the one endemic arbovirus in NZ, the alphavirus WHAV, is highly transmitted by Ae. australis , 2 and it readily infects birds, there has been no evidence of a confirmed human infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vector Competence of New Zealand Mosquitoes for Selected Arboviruses

Kramer¹,

Chin²,

Cane³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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* New Zealand (NZ) Endemic (E); NZ Introduced (I); non-NZ control (C) mosquito species. † Developmental stage at time of collection. ‡ Not applicable. GPS = global positioning system. 184KRAMER AND OTHERS and adults maintained as described previously. Females were fed weekly on defibrinated rabbit blood (Hema-Resources) sweetened with 10% sucrose. Eggs were collected weekly, allowed to embryonate, and stored in a small plastic bag in a closed container containing a moist sponge for humidity. When needed, the eggs were hatched under vacuum and larvae reared in low densities.Aedes albopictus. Eggs were kindly provided in April 2007 by D. Seversen, Notre Dame University. Mosquitoes were reared and maintained in a colony, and eggs stored as described for Ae. aegypti .Culex pipiens ( USA ) . A colony was established from mosquitoes collected by M. Hutchinson in 2002 in Pennsylvania. Mosquitoes were reared and adults maintained as described previously except mosquitoes were maintained in 46 cm 3 cages. Adult females were fed weekly on defibrinated goose blood (Rockland Immunochemical) sweetened with 10% sucrose.Culex quinquefasciatus ( USA ) . Mosquito larvae were provided by D. Fonseca, Rutgers University in 2008. The colony originated from Benzon Research, Inc. (Carlisle, PA) who obtained the mosquitoes from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The adults were maintained at 26°C as described previously.Mosquito feeding preferences. Blood preference and optimum feeding time were determined before the vector competence assays for each mosquito species ( Table 2 ). A variety of defibrinated bloods were offered including guinea pig, sheep, rabbit, bovine, and goose using pledgets, sausage casing (porcine casing rinsed in the brine solution, knotted at one end, filled with the virus suspension, knotted, and warmed in a 30°C water bath), and membranes. The results ( Table 2 ) guided the subsequent feedings.Cells and viruses. Aedes albopictus cells (C6/36; ATCC CRL-1660) were grown in minimal essential medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Hyclone, Logan, UT), 2 mM L-glutamine, 0.3% sodium bicarbonate, 100 U of penicillin/mL, and 100 μg of streptomycin/ mL and 1 U of non-essential amino acids/mL. African Green monkey kidney cells (Vero; ATCC CC1-81) were grown in the same medium but without non-essential amino acids.The history of the 12 virus strains used in this study are listed in Table 3 . The viruses included five flaviviruses ( Flaviviridae , Flavivirus ): WNV, MVEV, DENV serotype 2 (DENV2), Yellow fever virus (YFV), and JEV; and four alphaviruses ( Togaviridae , Alphavirus ) BFV, RRV, CHIKV, and SINV. Viruses used in the vector competence assays were generally prepared on the day of use from a fresh harvest of infected C6/36 cells; however, several studies used virus thawed from a frozen stock with a known concentration of virus, as noted in Tables 4 and 5 .Vector competence assays. Peroral infection. All work with infectious blood meals was conducted in the BSL3...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Competence of New Zealand Mosquitoes for Selected Arboviruses

Kramer¹,

Chin²,

Cane³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…To date, there has never been a confirmed indigenously acquired case of mosquito-borne disease in humans in New Zealand (Derraik and Maguire 2005). However, arboviruses such as Ross River virus, Chikungunya virus and Zika virus are present in Australia or the South Pacific, and pose an increasing threat to human health in New Zealand Slaney 2007, 2015;Derraik et al 2010). In particular, A. notoscriptus is abundant and widespread in northern New Zealand (thriving in human-modified environments, including urban areas) (Derraik and Slaney 2007), and could play an important role in disease transmission to humans as a potential vector of these viruses Slaney 2007, 2015;Derraik et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Communities and Avian Malaria Prevalence in Silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) Within Forest Edge and Interior Habitats in a New Zealand Regional Park

et al. 2015

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Forest fragmentation and agricultural development are important anthropogenic landscape alterations affecting the disease dynamics of malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.), largely through their effects on vector communities. We compared vector abundance and species composition at two forest edge sites abutting pastureland and two forest interior sites in New Zealand, while simultaneously assessing avian malaria prevalence in silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis). Twenty-two of 240 (9.2%) individual silvereyes captured across all sites tested positive for avian malaria, and Plasmodium prevalence was nearly identical in edge and interior habitats. A total of 580 mosquito specimens were trapped across all sites. These comprised five different species: the introduced Aedes notoscriptus and Culex quinquefasciatus; the native A. antipodeus, C. asteliae and C.pervigilans. The known avian malaria vector C. quinquefasciatus was only recorded in the forest edge (mostly at ground level). In contrast, the probable vector C. pervigilans was abundant and widespread in both edge and interior sites. Although frequently caught in ground traps, more C. pervigilans specimens were captured in the canopy. This study shows that avian malaria prevalence among silvereyes appeared to be unaffected by forest fragmentation, at least at the scale assessed. Introduced mosquito species were almost completely absent from the forest interior, and thus our study provides further circumstantial evidence that native mosquito species (in particular C. pervigilans) play an important role in avian malaria transmission in New Zealand.

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“…CHIKV control strategies should therefore also include identification of these risk factors linked with the onset of outbreak of CHIKV infection and their management. Among these risk factors increased population of mosquito vectors and their migration within and between countries, frequent cross-border trafficking of passengers and goods and increased movement of CHIKV positive persons across borders should be taken under consideration for the effective control of CHIKV infection (Derraik et al, 2010).…”

Section: Prevention and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya virus infection in developing countries - What should we do?

Rahman¹

2017

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Chikungunya fever, a serious global public health problem, is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Chikungunya virus belonging to the family Togaviridae. The virus was first detected in Tanzania in1953. At present, the virus has been detected over 60 countries across the globe. The virus is transmitted mainly through Aedes mosquitoes. Although not fatal, the affected persons suffer a lot from high fever, severe pain and other complications. Currently there is no effective treatment or vaccine for the Chikungunya virus. The situation is severe in developing countries that lack sufficient diagnostic facilities and control measures. Adequate coordinated efforts comprising active surveillance, early detection, vector control and public awareness at local, national and international level need to be adopted in endemic areas for the effective control of Chikungunya virus infection. This mini review highlights some of the advances recently have made in our understanding of Chikungunya virus.

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Chikungunya Virus: A Novel and Potentially Serious Threat to New Zealand and the South Pacific Islands

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Vector Competence of New Zealand Mosquitoes for Selected Arboviruses

Vector Competence of New Zealand Mosquitoes for Selected Arboviruses

Mosquito Communities and Avian Malaria Prevalence in Silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) Within Forest Edge and Interior Habitats in a New Zealand Regional Park

Chikungunya virus infection in developing countries - What should we do?

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