Chernozem—Soil of the Year 2005

Altermann, Manfred; Rinklebe, Jörg; Merbach, Ines; Körschens, Martin; Langer, Uwe; Hofmann, B.

doi:10.1002/jpln.200521814

Cited by 188 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

118

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is a Haplic Chernozem derived from loess (Altermann et al, 2005); a silt loam consisting of 21% (wt/wt) clay, 67.8% silt and 11.2% sand (Blair et al, 2006). The 'Static fertilization experiment' started in the year 1902 and is described in more detail elsewhere (Kö rschens et al, 1998;Bö hme and Bö hme, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of soil organic matter for the diversity of microorganisms involved in the degradation of organic pollutants

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many organic pollutants are readily degradable by microorganisms in soil, but the importance of soil organic matter for their transformation by specific microbial taxa is unknown. In this study, sorption and microbial degradation of phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) were characterized in three soil variants, generated by different long-term fertilization regimes. Compared with a non-fertilized control (NIL), a mineral-fertilized NPK variant showed 19% and a farmyard manure treated FYM variant 46% more soil organic carbon (SOC). Phenol sorption declined with overall increasing SOC because of altered affinities to the clay fraction (soil particles o2 mm in diameter). In contrast, DCP sorption correlated positively with particulate soil organic matter (present in the soil particle fractions of 63-2000 lm). Stable isotope probing identified Rhodococcus, Arthrobacter (both Actinobacteria) and Cryptococcus (Basidiomycota) as the main degraders of phenol. Rhodococcus and Cryptococcus were not affected by SOC, but the participation of Arthrobacter declined in NPK and even more in FYM. 14 C-DCP was hardly metabolized in the NIL variant, more efficiently in FYM and most in NPK. In NPK, Burkholderia was the main degrader and in FYM Variovorax. This study demonstrates a strong effect of SOC on the partitioning of organic pollutants to soil particle size fractions and indicates the profound consequences that this process could have for the diversity of bacteria involved in their degradation.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of soil organic matter for the diversity of microorganisms involved in the degradation of organic pollutants

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The soil was classified as Haplic Chernozem (Altermann et al, 2005). Manure fertiliser and mineral fertiliser is applied at a rate of 30 t farmyard manure ha −1 every second year (according to 96 kg N ha −1 a −1 ) and 111 kg N ha −1 a −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and modelling seasonal variation of gross nitrification rates in response to long-term fertilisation

Stange

Neue

2009

Biogeosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The formation of nitrate (nitrification) in soils is an important process that influences N availability for plant uptake and potential N losses as well. Gross nitrification is an effective measure by which to test mechanistic ecosystem models for predictability because gross rates can widely differ between sites, even if net production is similar between these sites.A field experiment was designed to (i) determine gross nitrification rates in response to fertilisation and (ii) to verify the idea that seasonal variations of gross rates in soils can be readily predicted by soil moisture and soil temperature.Gross nitrification rates were measured by a Barometric Process Separation (BaPS). The BaPS measurements were validated with the commonly used 15 N pool dilution technique measurements at six times. In general, the rates determined from both measurement approaches were in the same order of magnitude and showed a good correlation.The effects of 100 years of fertilisation (mineral fertiliser, manure and control) on gross nitrification rates were investigated. During 2004 soil samples from the long-term "static fertilisation experiment" at Bad Lauchstädt were sampled weekly and were measured in the laboratory under field conditions and subsequently under standardised conditions (16 • C soil temperature and −30 kPa matrix potential) with the BaPS system. Gross nitrification rates determined under standardised conditions did not show any seasonal trend but did, however, reveal a high temporal variability. Gross nitrification rates determined by the BaPS-method under field conditions showed also a high temporal variability and ranged from 5 to 77 µg N h −1 kg −1 dry mass, 2 to 74 µg N h −1 kg −1 dry mass and 0 to 49 µg N h −1 kg −1 dry mass with respect to manure, mineral fertiliser, and control. The annual average was 0.34, 0.27 and 0.19 g N a −1 kg −1 dry mass for the maCorrespondence to: C. F. Stange (florian.stange@ufz.de) nure site, mineral fertiliser site and control site, respectively. On all sites gross nitrification revealed a strong seasonal dynamic. Three different models were applied for reproducing the measured results. Test models could explain 75% to 78% of variability at the manure site, 66% to 77% of variability at the mineral fertiliser site, and 39% to 63% of variability at the control site. The model parameterisation shows that the temperature sensitivity of gross nitrification differs between the three neighbouring sites. Hence, a temperature response function in an ecosystem model has to consider the site specificity in order to adequately predict the effects of future climate change on the soil N cycle.

show abstract

“…This makes it difficult to assign all Central European Chernozem subunits (e.g. for Germany described by Ad-hoc- AG Boden, 2005; see also Altermann et al, 2005) to the FAO-WRB classification. The differences between the soil units described in the German pedological literature are explained in Fig.…”

Section: What Is a Chernozem? Definitions And Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedogenesis of Chernozems in Central Europe — A review

Gerlach²,

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since Dokuchaev's investigations of Russian Chernozems, Central European Chernozems were established as steppe soils, with their pedogenesis dominated by humus accumulation as a result of dry continental climate and steppe vegetation, with carbonaceous parent material and bioturbation as other prerequisites. The WRB-FAO classification defined Chernozems by their morphological characteristics, but was biased by the climo-genetic formation model. However, the assumption that modern Central European Chernozems are relics of steppe soils conflicts with palaeobotanical evidence from an early reforestation that started in the Late Glacial, and also with pedological studies that dated Chernozem formation to the Early Holocene. In this review we compile the most important literature on pedogenesis of Central European Chernozems since the 1920s, according to the soil forming factors climate, time, vegetation, relief and man. Our review demonstrates that there is no consensus on the factors controlling the formation, conservation and degradation of Central European Chernozems in published literature. We found that (1) no absolute time of formation could be stated so far, and that (2) Central European Chernozems formed not only under steppe but also under forest vegetation; (3) the spatial distribution of Chernozems and Phaeozems did not correlate with climate conditions or topographic position, and (4) until now no other factors were considered to be responsible for Chernozem development. Recent studies showed that these unknown factors could include anthropogenic activity and vegetation burning as they could form black soils or strongly affect the composition of soil organic matter. We concluded that not all soils classified as Chernozems in Central Europe are steppe soils and thus, as they do not necessarily reflect past climate, the classification may be misleading. Pedogenesis of Chernozems inCentral Europe -A review Eileen Eckmeier a AbstractSince Dokuchaev's investigations of Russian Chernozems, Central European Chernozems were established as steppe soils, with their pedogenesis dominated by humus accumulation as a result of dry continental climate and steppe vegetation, with carbonaceous parent material and bioturbation as other prerequisites. The WRB-FAO classification defined Chernozems by their morphological characteristics, but was biased by the climo-genetic formation model. However, the assumption that modern Central European Chernozems are relics of steppe soils conflicts with palaeobotanical evidence from an early reforestation that started in the Late Glacial, and also with pedological studies that dated Chernozem formation to the Early Holocene.In this review we compile the most important literature on pedogenesis of Central European Chernozems since the 1920s, according to the soil forming factors climate, time, vegetation, relief and man.Our review demonstrates that there is no consensus on the factors controlling the formation, conservation and degradation of Central European Chernozems in pub...

show abstract

Chernozem—Soil of the Year 2005

Cited by 188 publications

References 40 publications

Importance of soil organic matter for the diversity of microorganisms involved in the degradation of organic pollutants

Importance of soil organic matter for the diversity of microorganisms involved in the degradation of organic pollutants

Measuring and modelling seasonal variation of gross nitrification rates in response to long-term fertilisation

Pedogenesis of Chernozems in Central Europe — A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About