Chemically modified palm kernel oil ester: A possible sustainable alternative insulating fluid

Abdelmalik, A. A.

doi:10.1016/j.susmat.2014.06.001

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For instance, NE can be synthesized into several derivatives with different molecular structures and physiochemical properties. For example, increasing the length of the side branches of chemically-modified alkyl ester of palm kernel oil will result in a higher breakdown strength compared to mineral oil [6]. NE also has a higher molecular solubility and thereby can resist pressboard ageing and moisture-rich environments [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Conductive and Semi-Conductive Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Response of Natural Ester-Based Nanofluid Insulation

et al. 2018

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Nowadays, studies of alternative liquid insulation in high voltage apparatus have become increasingly important due to higher concerns regarding safety, sustainable resources and environmentally friendly issues. To fulfil this demand, natural ester has been extensively studied and it can become a potential product to replace mineral oil in power transformers. In addition, the incorporation of nanoparticles has been remarkable in producing improved characteristics of insulating oil. Although much extensive research has been carried out, there is no general agreement on the influence on the dielectric response of base oil due to the addition of different amounts and conductivity types of nanoparticle concentrations. Therefore, in this work, a natural ester-based nanofluid was prepared by a two-step method using iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as the conductive and semi-conductive nanoparticles, respectively. The concentration amount of each nanoparticle types was varied at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g/L. The nanofluid samples were characterised by visual inspection, morphology and the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method before the dielectric response measurement was carried out for frequency-dependent spectroscopy (FDS), current-voltage (I-V), and dielectric breakdown (BD) strength. The results show that the dielectric spectra and I-V curves of nanofluid-based iron oxide increases with the increase of iron oxide nanoparticle loading, while for titanium dioxide, it exhibits a decreasing response. The dielectric BD strength is enhanced for both types of nanoparticles at 0.01 g/L concentration. However, the increasing amount of nanoparticles at 0.1 and 1.0 g/L led to a contrary dielectric BD response. Thus, the results indicate that the augmentation of conductive nanoparticles in the suspension can lead to overlapping mechanisms. Consequently, this reduces the BD strength compared to pristine materials during electron injection in high electric fields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Conductive and Semi-Conductive Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Response of Natural Ester-Based Nanofluid Insulation

et al. 2018

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“…Even though the dielectric constant of oil samples slightly decreases with increase in temperature, it reduced the density of oil, which is directly related to density of dipole in the oil samples. Besides that, increase in temperature could increase kinetic energy of particles in the oil, which decreases the dipole orientation, which is responsible for low‐dielectric constant …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility analysis of Karanja oil as alternate liquid dielectrics for distribution transformers

Mariprasath

Kirubakaran

Kumar³

2017

Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst.

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Summary Traditional mineral oil is used as a liquid dielectric in distribution transformers. Because of its limited fire‐resistant characteristics and biodegradability and also because of the lack of fossil fuels, the search for alternate liquid dielectrics for distribution transformer is essential. This research work has been proposed on nonedible Karanja oil as a liquid dielectric for distribution transformers. Hence, the electrical properties, physical properties, and chemical properties of Karanja oil with catalyst are measured at the temperatures of 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, and 120°C as per the international standards; results are compared with mineral oil. From the experimental analysis, it is found that an electrical characteristic of Karanja oil with catalyst is better than mineral oil with catalyst. Furthermore, Karanja oil with catalyst has much higher acidity than others, but it is beneficial. Also, Karanja oil with catalyst has low‐relative water content than mineral oil with catalyst. However, the viscosity of the oil with catalyst is much higher than mineral oil; so care must be taken for designing the cooling tubes of a transformer.

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“…Recently, researchers investigated inedible oil-based insulating fluids. Abdelmalik [6] showed that methyl esters of Palm Kernel Oil have the specific thermal capacities equivalent to those of mineral oils. The experimental analysis carried out by Sitorus et al revealed that the partial discharge characteristics of Jatropha Oil Methyl Esters and mineral oil are close [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration and Performance Analysis of a Bio-Based Insulating Liquid from Castor Oil for Power Transformers

Nkouetcha¹,

Mengounou²,

Imano³

2019

OALib

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The research for new mineral oil substitutes focuses on vegetable oils known for their biodegradability and low toxicity. This paper focuses on the development and analysis of physicochemical and dielectric properties of a bio-based insulating liquid from castor oil. Castor oil is an inedible tropical resource. It has a good annual oil yield and is widely available in developing countries. Cold pressing of castor seeds is the most appropriate non-chemical process for extracting oil. A refining process was used to remove metal and chemical residues. Refined Castor Oil was filtered and degassed in order to minimize the dissolved gases, solid particles and moisture. A transesterification operation was performed to significantly reduce viscosity oil. Finally, obtained Castor Oil Methyl Esters (COME) are finally distilled in a rotary evaporator under vacuum to remove traces of water and methanol. Physicochemical properties as visual examination, relative density, kinematic viscosity, and acidity were measured in accordance with ASTM D6871. AC Breakdown voltage was performed according to IEC 60156, and had been analyzed using Weibull distribution. Processed Castor Oil (PCO) has low viscosity than certified transformer vegetable oils (BIOTEMP, FR3) and high Dielectric Strength (74.67 kV/2.5 mm). Partial Discharges characteristics including the Partial Discharge Inception Voltage and the Partial Discharge Propagation Voltage were also investigated according to the recommendations of IEC 61294. PCO has satisfactory properties for their use as an insulating oil for transformer.

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Chemically modified palm kernel oil ester: A possible sustainable alternative insulating fluid

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of Conductive and Semi-Conductive Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Response of Natural Ester-Based Nanofluid Insulation

Influence of Conductive and Semi-Conductive Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Response of Natural Ester-Based Nanofluid Insulation

Feasibility analysis of Karanja oil as alternate liquid dielectrics for distribution transformers

Elaboration and Performance Analysis of a Bio-Based Insulating Liquid from Castor Oil for Power Transformers

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