Chemically Modified Electrodes Molecular Design for Electroanalysis

Murray, Royce W.; Ewing, Andrew G.; Durst, Richard A.

doi:10.1021/ac00132a721

Cited by 81 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Chemically modified electrodes (CME) result from a deliberate immobilization of a modifier agent onto the electrode surface though chemical reactions, chemisorption, composite formation or polymer coating. Compared to conventional electrodes, greater control of electrode characteristics and reactivity is achieved by surface modificaton, since the immobilization transfers the physicochemical properties of the modifier to the electrode surface.…”

Section: Chemically Modified Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such steps can impart higher selectivity, detectability and stability to amperometric devices, which have been extensively reviewed. 39,[52][53][54]58,59 One of the common approaches for incorporating a modifier onto the surface has been coverage with an appropriate polymer film. Most polymers are applied to electrode surfaces by a combination of adsorptive attraction and low solubility in the electrolyte solution, using preformed polymers or electrochemical polymerisation.…”

Section: Chemically Modified Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrochemical sensors: a powerful tool in analytical chemistry

Stradiotto¹,

Yamanaka²,

Zanoni³

2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

327

154

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Sensores potenciométricos, amperométricos e condutométricos são sensores eletroquímicos com imensa aplicação nas áreas de meio ambiente, indústria e análises clínicas. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão generalizada dos aspectos fundamentais, os desenvolvimento e a contribuição destes sensores na área de química analítica, e reporta alguns aspectos relevantes dos avanços na área de sensores eletroquímicos no Brasil.Potentiometric, amperometric and conductometric electrochemical sensors have found a number of interesting applications in the areas of environmental, industrial, and clinical analyses. This review presents a general overview of the three main types of electrochemical sensors, describing fundamental aspects, developments and their contribution to the area of analytical chemistry, relating relevant aspects of the development of electrochemical sensors in Brazil.

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Section: Chemically Modified Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemically Modified Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical sensors: a powerful tool in analytical chemistry

Stradiotto¹,

Yamanaka²,

Zanoni³

2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

327

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The analytical power and scope of carbon (and other solid) electrodes can be greatly enhanced through a deliberate modification of their surface. 8 The resulting chemically modified electrodes can benefit monitoring applications through a preferential accumulation of target contaminants, the exclusion of unwanted materials (e.g., surface-active macromolecules), or acceleration of desired electrontransfer reactions. The miniaturization of solid electrode offers several fundamental and practical advantages, 9 including a dramatic reduction in the sample consumption.…”

Section: Toward Green and Easy-to-use Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring: Toward Green Analytical Chemistry

2002

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This Account presents a survey of recent advances in electrochemical sensing technology relevant to green analytical chemistry and examines the potential advantages, limitations, and applications of these monitoring devices. Stricter environmental control and effective process monitoring have created considerable demands for innovative analytical methodologies. New devices and protocols, with negligible waste generation or no hazardous substances, and in situ real-time monitoring capability are particularly needed for addressing the challenges of green analytical chemistry. The coupling of modern electrochemical detection principles with recent advances in molecular recognition, microelectronics, and microfabrication has led to powerful, compact, and "user-friendly" analytical devices. The unique features of such electrochemical monitoring systems make them particularly attractive for addressing environmental and industrial problems and the challenges of green chemistry. These developments allow the instrument to be taken to the sample (rather than the traditional way of bringing the sample to the laboratory) and hence to ensure effective process or pollution control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre vi ous stud ies show that when ar o matic amines such as naphtidine 5 , 1-naphtylamine 6 , and benzidine (Bz) 7 are electrooxidized, they fol low a com plex re ac tion to give a poly mer that ad heres to the elec trode sur face. These polymers which ad here to a base metal are con duc tors, and their dop ing grade can be con trolled 9,11,12 .Re cently, a num ber of in ves ti ga tors have dem on strated a new vari a tion in elec tro chem i cal trace-metal anal y sis in which analyte preconcentration is car ried out at CMEs. The preconcentration is achieved by a purely non-electrochemical de po si tion step, and the subsequant quan ti fi ca tion of the ac cu mu lated analyte can be car ried out by nor mal voltammetric mea sure ments 4,13 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation and voltammetric determination of silver (I) at an electrode electrochemically modified with a poly-benzidine film

D’Eramo

Arévalo

Silber

et al. 1997

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Eletrodos modificados com filmes de poli-bendizina são quimicamente estáveis no intervalo de pH en tre 0 e 7 e podem ser ciclados de -0.200 a 0.850 V sem evidência de decomposição. Conseqüentemente, neste intervalo de potencial, eles podem ser usados como ma te rial eletródico para a oxidação ou redução de diferentes espécies. Uma propriedade interessante deste eletrodo modificado é sua capacidade de capturar e quantificar o íon Ag(I) presente na solução. Para obter resultados reproduzíveis a etapa de acumulação foi realizada numa solução de AgNO 3 com um tampão de acetato de pH = 7. Após redução para Ag(0) na mesma solução, a etapa de determinação foi executado por voltametria cíclica. A resposta analítica corresponde à oxidação para Ag(I) e a quantia de prata incorporada ao filme foi determinada a partir da carga do pico anódico. O uso potencial deste método para a determinação analítica da prata é discutido.Elec trodes mod i fied with poly-benzidine films are chem i cally sta ble in the pH range between 0 and 7, and can be cy cled from -0.200 to 0.850 V with no ev i dence of de com po si tion. Con se quently, in this po ten tial range, they can be used as elec trode ma te rial for ox i da ti on or reduc tion of dif fer ent spe cies. One in ter est ing prop erty of this mod i fied elec trode is its ca pac ity to cap ture and quan tify Ag(I) ion pres ent in so lu tion. To ob tain re pro duc ible re sults, th e ac cumu la tion step was car ried out in a AgNO 3 so lu tion with ac e tate buffer at pH = 7. Af ter re duc tion to Ag(0) in the same so lu tion, the de ter mi na tion step was per formed by cy clic voltammetry. The an a lyt i cal re sponse cor re sponds to sil ver ox i da tion to Ag(I), and the amount of sil ver incor po rated into the film was de ter mined from the charge of the an odic peak. The po ten tial us e of this method for an a lyt i cal de ter mi na tion of sil ver is dis cussed. Key words: mod i fied elec trodes, poly-benzidine, electroanalysis, sil ver(I) In tro duc tionIn the con text of metal ion anal y ses, chem i cally mod ified elec trodes (CMEs) pos sess ing prop er ties have emerged as one of the most at trac tive ar eas for re search 1-4 . Among their ad van tages are their in her ent high se lec tiv ity and sen si tiv ity. Methods that have been used for elec trode mod i fi ca tion in clude phys i cal coat ing, co va lent at tach ment and electropolymerization. Par tic u larly, electropolymerization of fers an ef fec tive and ver sa tile way to de posit poly mer film on a sub strate elec trode [5][6][7][8] .The electrooxidation of ar o matic amines is well known, and dif fer ent as pects of their mech a nism have been elu cidated 9,10 . Pre vi ous stud ies show that when ar o matic amines such as naphtidine 5 , 1-naphtylamine 6 , and benzidine (Bz) 7 are electrooxidized, they fol low a com plex re ac tion to give a poly mer that ad heres to the elec trode sur face. These polymers which ad here to a base metal are con duc tors, and their dop ing grade can be con trolled 9,11,12 .Re c...

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Chemically Modified Electrodes Molecular Design for Electroanalysis

Cited by 81 publications

References 31 publications

Electrochemical sensors: a powerful tool in analytical chemistry

Electrochemical sensors: a powerful tool in analytical chemistry

Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring: Toward Green Analytical Chemistry

Incorporation and voltammetric determination of silver (I) at an electrode electrochemically modified with a poly-benzidine film

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