Chemically extracted acellular muscle: A new potential scaffold for spinal cord injury repair

Zhang, Xiuying; Xue, Hui; Liu, Jiamei; Chen, Dong

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.33237

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Properties differences in D-muscle and D-fascia scaffolds also indicate their different applications if used alone. For example, skeletal muscle has been utilized as a nerve conduit [9]. D-muscle may provide an alternative to skeletal muscles derived from patients to avoid intrusion injury with more and easier access.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decellularized musculofascial extracellular matrix for tissue engineering

et al. 2013

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Ideal scaffolds that represent native extracellular matrix (ECM) properties of musculofascial tissues have great importance in musculofascial tissue engineering. However, detailed characterization of musculofascial tissues’ ECM (particularly, of fascia) from large animals is still lacking. In this study, we developed a decellularization protocol for processing pig composite musculofascial tissues. Decellularized muscle (D-muscle) and decellularized fascia (D-fascia), which are two important components of decellularized musculofascial extracellular matrix (DMM), were comprehensively characterized. D-muscle and D-fascia retained intact three-dimensional architecture, strong mechanical properties, and bioactivity of compositions such as collagen, laminin, glycosaminoglycan, and vascular endothelial growth factor. D-muscle and D-fascia provided a compatible niche for human adipose-derived stem cell integration and proliferation. Heterotopic and orthotopic implantation of D-muscle and D-fascia in a rodent model further proved their biocompatibility and myogenic properties during the remodeling process. The differing characteristics of D-muscle from D-fascia (e.g., D-muscle’s strong pro-angiogenic and pro-myogenic properties vs. D-fascia’s strong mechanical properties) indicate different clinical application opportunities of D-muscle vs. D-fascia scaffolds. DMM comprising muscle and fascia ECM as a whole unit can thus provide not only a clinically translatable platform for musculofascial tissue repair and regeneration but also a useful standard for scaffold design in musculofascial tissue engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decellularized musculofascial extracellular matrix for tissue engineering

et al. 2013

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“…A number of ECM scaffolds derived from a range of source species and tissues have also been approved by the FDA and commercially available for clinical use, for example, in wound healing, soft tissue repair, or heart valve replacement. 10,11 In contrast to the extensive research on ECM scaffolds used for the reconstruction of various tissues, there are only a few studies addressing biological scaffolds for the repair of SCI based on an acellular muscle scaffold, 16 acellular sciatic nerve, 17 or acellular spinal cord scaffolds. 18 Nevertheless, the shape and conformation of such acellular scaffolds might be restrictive for bridging a chronic spinal cord lesion with an irregular cavity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Injectable Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Tukmachev

Forostyak

Kočí

et al. 2016

Tissue Engineering Part A

139

107

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Restoration of lost neuronal function after spinal cord injury (SCI) still remains a big challenge for current medicine. One important repair strategy is bridging the SCI lesion with a supportive and stimulatory milieu that would enable axonal rewiring. Injectable extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived hydrogels have been recently reported to have neurotrophic potential in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the presumed neuroregenerative properties of ECM hydrogels in vivo in the acute model of SCI. ECM hydrogels were prepared by decellularization of porcine spinal cord (SC) or porcine urinary bladder (UB), and injected into a spinal cord hemisection cavity. Histological analysis and real-time qPCR were performed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postinjection. Both types of hydrogels integrated into the lesion and stimulated neovascularization and axonal ingrowth into the lesion. On the other hand, massive infiltration of macrophages into the lesion and rapid hydrogel degradation did not prevent cyst formation, which progressively developed over 8 weeks. No significant differences were found between SC-ECM and UB-ECM. Gene expression analysis revealed significant downregulation of genes related to immune response and inflammation in both hydrogel types at 2 weeks post SCI. A combination of human mesenchymal stem cells with SC-ECM did not further promote ingrowth of axons and blood vessels into the lesion, when compared with the SC-ECM hydrogel alone. In conclusion, both ECM hydrogels bridged the lesion cavity, modulated the innate immune response, and provided the benefit of a stimulatory substrate for in vivo neural tissue regeneration. However, fast hydrogel degradation might be a limiting factor for the use of native ECM hydrogels in the treatment of acute SCI.

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“…Additionally, ASC hydrogels also can provide the necessary scaffold to promote axonal recovery in vivo 21. More importantly, because of the retained components of the native extracellular matrix, an acellular scaffold may mimic the native extracellular matrix to sequester growth factors and improve their stability, which may benefit promoting regeneration and functional recovery of injured neuron following SCI22. However, ASC is not complete compared to native spinal cord tissues because of damage to its fibre tract and a lack of a three-dimensional net structure after homogenization23.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermo-sensitive hydrogels combined with decellularised matrix deliver bFGF for the functional recovery of rats after a spinal cord injury

Tian

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Because of the short half-life, either systemic or local administration of bFGF shows significant drawbacks to spinal injury. In this study, an acellular spinal cord scaffold (ASC) was encapsulated in a thermo-sensitive hydrogel to overcome these limitations. The ASC was firstly prepared from the spinal cord of healthy rats and characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. bFGF could specifically complex with the ASC scaffold via electrostatic or receptor-mediated interactions. The bFGF-ASC complex was further encapsulated into a heparin modified poloxamer (HP) solution to prepare atemperature-sensitive hydrogel (bFGF-ASC-HP). bFGF release from the ASC-HP hydrogel was more slower than that from the bFGF-ASC complex alone. An in vitro cell survival study showed that the bFGF-ASC-HP hydrogel could more effectively promote the proliferation of PC12 cells than a bFGF solution, with an approximate 50% increase in the cell survival rate within 24 h (P < 0.05). Compared with the bFGF solution, bFGF-ASC-HP hydrogel displayed enhanced inhibition of glial scars and obviously improved the functional recovery of the SCI model rat through regeneration of nerve axons and the differentiation of the neural stem cells. In summary, an ASC-HP hydrogel might be a promising carrier to deliver bFGF to an injured spinal cord.

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Chemically extracted acellular muscle: A new potential scaffold for spinal cord injury repair

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Decellularized musculofascial extracellular matrix for tissue engineering

Decellularized musculofascial extracellular matrix for tissue engineering

Injectable Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Thermo-sensitive hydrogels combined with decellularised matrix deliver bFGF for the functional recovery of rats after a spinal cord injury

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