Chemical Techniques of Historic Mortar Analysis

Stewart, John; Moore, James S.

doi:10.2307/1494020

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These bands are in consonance to the predominant bands recorded for phthalocyanine blue, (CuC 32 H 16 N 18 ) [Ref. [2]]. The phthalocyanine blue might have incorporated in the plaster due to annual white washing of the temples with lime mixed with blue dye as part of ritual practice during festival seasons.…”

Section: Raman Analysissupporting

confidence: 75%

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Aragonite–vaterite–calcite: Polymorphs of CaCO3 in 7th century CE lime plasters of Alampur group of temples, India

Singh¹,

Kumar²,

Waghmare³

et al. 2016

Construction and Building Materials

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Section: Raman Analysissupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Several reviews on the methodology used for the characterization of mortars have already been published [2,3]. However, the development of suitable repair mortar for historic monuments requires specific knowledge about chemical and mineralogical composition of ancient mortar besides information about mechanical and physical properties [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aragonite–vaterite–calcite: Polymorphs of CaCO3 in 7th century CE lime plasters of Alampur group of temples, India

Singh¹,

Kumar²,

Waghmare³

et al. 2016

Construction and Building Materials

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“…1999; Charola 2001). An overview of some selected procedures is given in Table 1: several authors have questioned the appropriateness of some of the proposed methodologies of acid attack (Frizot 1981; Stewart and Moore 1981). The main drawback of this method is that concentrated acidic solutions dissolve the calcareous aggregate present, while highly diluted solutions tend to dissolve the binder only partially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Binder/Aggregate Ratios in Archaeological Lime Mortars With Carbonate Aggregate: A Comparative Assessment of Chemical, Mechanical and Microscopic Approaches*

Casadio

Chiari

Šimon³

2005

Archaeometry

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This paper reports on the comparative evaluation of traditional and innovative methods for the investigation of mortar technology. Preliminary results of various approaches to determining the mix proportions in lime mortars with carbonate aggregate are presented. Quantitative analysis was tested on ad hoc prepared mortars of known composition containing carbonate aggregates of different origin (travertine and Bath limestone). Wet chemical methods, manual disaggregation and Digital Image Analysis of thin sections and cross-sections stained with Alizarin Red S were tested. The advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches are discussed, and applications to the analysis of archaeological mortars and plasters are highlighted.

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“…This resulted in a clay-like texture. The sand used was Sakrete Multi-Purpose sand, a coarse construction sand, with 1% passing a 45 micron sieve and a soluble silica content of 1.8+/−0.3% [34]. Portland cement that was used was ordinary, type I/II Portland cement manufactured by Sakrete.…”

Section: Concrete Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforced, Nailable Rubber Concrete with Strength and Withdrawal Properties Similar to Lumber

Cotter,

Guldiken

2023

J. Compos. Sci.

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The inclusion of rubber in concrete has been suggested and used in recent research. However, the reason for the inclusion of rubber into concrete is typically the need to offset the carbon footprint of concrete and other environmental concerns. The research presented here indicates that the inclusion of rubber into concrete allows for the concrete to accept fasteners and withstand withdrawal, or pullout, of the fasteners, similar to the function of wood. We refer to this as making the concrete “nailable”, in that the concrete can be nailed together either by hand or with tools designed to be used with wood. While other methods have been used to make concrete nailable, this method is novel as no known research exists indicating that there exists a rubber concrete mix that provides similar withdrawal strength as wood. Testing indicates that the concrete can be produced at a low cost due to the inclusion of the low-cost rubber infill with reinforcement wire. The result is a reinforced concrete with an allowable load that is 13% greater than in spruce and a withdrawal force up to 25% greater than the maximum in spruce. The intended function of this material is replacement of treated lumber. The proposed rubber concrete, which is a reinforced concrete, is anticipated to have a service life of 50–100 years, while treated lumber decks in the Southeastern United States have been surveyed to have an average life of only 10 years due to environmental degradation. This leads us to conclude that if a deck were to be constructed of this nailable rubber concrete, it would last approximately five times longer in a temperate environment, such as the Southeastern United States. This improvement can be provided at a relatively low cost while providing an alternative that both prevents the use of arsenic- and copper-containing compounds used in treated lumber and provides an additional recycling method for tires.

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Chemical Techniques of Historic Mortar Analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Aragonite–vaterite–calcite: Polymorphs of CaCO3 in 7th century CE lime plasters of Alampur group of temples, India

Aragonite–vaterite–calcite: Polymorphs of CaCO3 in 7th century CE lime plasters of Alampur group of temples, India

Evaluation of Binder/Aggregate Ratios in Archaeological Lime Mortars With Carbonate Aggregate: A Comparative Assessment of Chemical, Mechanical and Microscopic Approaches*

Reinforced, Nailable Rubber Concrete with Strength and Withdrawal Properties Similar to Lumber

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