Chemical simulation of greywater

Abstract

Sustainable water resources management attracts considerable attention in today's world. Recycling and reuse of both wastewater and greywater are becoming more attractive. The strategy is to protect ecosystem services by balancing the withdrawal of water and the disposal of wastewater. In the present study, a timely and novel synthetic greywater composition has been proposed with respect to the composition of heavy metals, nutrients and organic matter. The change in water quality of the synthetic greywater due to increasing storage time was monitored to evaluate the stability of the proposed chemical formula. The new greywater is prepared artificially using analytical-grade chemicals to simulate either low (LC) or high (HC) pollutant concentrations. The characteristics of the synthetic greywater were tested (just before starting the experiment, after two days and a week of storage under real weather conditions) and compared to those reported for real greywater. Test results for both synthetic greywater types showed great similarities with the physiochemical properties of published findings concerning real greywater. Furthermore, the synthetic greywater is relatively stable in terms of its characteristics for different storage periods. However, there was a significant (p < .05) reduction in 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) for both low (LC) and high (HC) concentrations of greywater after two days of storage with reductions of 62% and 55%, respectively. A significant (p < .05) change was also noted for the reduction (70%) of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concerning HC greywater after seven days of storage.

Chemical composition, nutrient-balancing and biological treatment of hand washing greywater

“…As many existing synthetic greywater recipes use commercial products, with compositions that can vary depending on the geographic region and over time, they cannot be reproduced accurately. The importance of reproducible ingredients has also been stressed in the work of Abed and Scholz (2016) , however their recipe also relies on secondary treatment effluent to supply micronutrients. The work of Jefferson et al.…”

“…(2001) has indeed noted the importance of nutrients in greywater treatment, and this attention must continue. Additional information for each recipe in the table, and the work of Abed and Scholz (2016) is presented in Supporting Information Section S.2 .…”

Impact of Storage Time on Characteristics of Synthetic Greywater for Two Different Pollutant Strengths to Be Treated or Recycled

“…The stock solutions were stored for the next day at 4°C. Before use, they were agitated for half an hour, and tap water was added at the desired dilution ratios (Abed and Scholz 2016;Nghiem et al 2006).…”

Phytoremediation performance of floating treatment wetlands with pelletized mine water sludge for synthetic greywater treatment

“…Domestic greywater was made synthetically by applying adopted analytical-grade substances [45], which were supplied by Fisher Scientific Co. Ltd. (Bishop Meadow Road, Loughborough, UK). Stock solutions were the basis for synthetic greywater (SGW) with low concentrations (LC) and high concentrations (HC).…”

“…Chemicals subject to a recipe (Online Resource 1) were subsequently added to tap water and mixed by a magnetic stirrer for one hour at 1200 rpm. The stock solutions were thinned with drinking water at a ratio of 1 to 100, and stored at 4°C, and mixed again for 30 min before being used in further experiments [45].…”