Chemical doping of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) based field effect transistors: A review

Iqbal, Muhammad Waqas; Elahi, Ehsan; Amin, Aliya; Hussain, Ghulam; Aftab, Sikandar

doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2019.106350

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…[79] Substitutional doping as well as chemical doping by surface adsorbants are also promising methods to modify the properties of TMDCs. [80,81] TMDCs -and other 2D materials-may be combined together to form heterostructures, either vertically or laterally. [82][83][84][85][86] Growth of a TMDC from an edge of another TMDC crystal forms a lateral (in-plane) heterostructure with ideally an atomically sharp, seamless junction (Figure 3c,d).…”

Section: The 2d Metal Dichalcogenide Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

Mattinen

Leskelä

Ritala

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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it was soon replaced by other materials. Research on the fundamental properties and preparation of TMDC monolayers in solution (1986), [8] on single-crystal substrates in ultrahigh vacuum (2001), [9] and in an accessible way using mechanical exfoliation [10] (2005) followed. It was the discovery of graphene in 2004 [11] with its ever expanding list of unique and exciting properties, phenomena, and potential applications [12] that amassed broad attention to 2D materials and resulted in the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov. Tremendous efforts have been put toward synthesis and applications of graphene, including the billion euro Graphene Flagship project funded by the European Union. [13,14] Graphene is a semimetal, however, and the need to have semiconducting materials for many crucial applications, in particular in electronics, has led researchers to search for other 2D materials. The scientific community turned to TMDCs following breakthroughs in observation of unique thickness-dependent properties, [15,16] monolayer synthesis using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), [17,18] and demonstration of high-performance semiconductor devices [19-21] in 2010-2013 (Figure 1). Indeed, in 2013 the number of scientific publications on TMDCs, in particular MoS 2 , nearly tripled over 2012, and the strong growth has continued to date, fueled by advances in synthesis, new devices, and exciting physical phenomena. The explosive growth in MoS 2 research has also expanded to other TMDCs, [22] resulting in yet new phenomena and potential applications being found. [23-26] It is now clear that TMDCs are remarkable in many ways. Their layered crystal structure gives rise to fundamental physics not seen in 3D materials, which enables novel devices and applications. [25,26,32,34-36] The layered structure also gives TMDCs their highly anisotropic properties, extremely high specific surface areas, possibility to intercalate different species between the layers, and stability as ultrathin sheets down to three atomic layers thick. The TMDC family contains dozens of different materials from semiconductors to semimetals, metals, and even superconductors. [5,22,25,34] However, TMDC research is still mostly in the early discovery stages and the investigations of TMDCs largely continue using flakes produced by mechanical exfoliation of bulk crystals. [10,26] Unfortunately, this method cannot be scaled up for practical 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are among the most exciting materials of today. Their layered crystal structures result in unique and useful electronic, optical, catalytic, and quantum properties. To realize the technological potential of TMDCs, methods depositing uniform films of controlled thickness at low temperatures in a highly controllable, scalable, and repeatable manner are needed. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a chemical gas-phase thin film deposition method capable of meeting these challenges. In this review, the applications evaluated for ALD TMDCs are systematically...

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Section: The 2d Metal Dichalcogenide Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 79 ] Substitutional doping as well as chemical doping by surface adsorbants are also promising methods to modify the properties of TMDCs. [ 80,81 ]…”

Section: The 2d Metal Dichalcogenide Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

Mattinen

Leskelä

Ritala

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…[82,87,88] These are normally restricted to chemical elements of groups IVB (Ti, Zr, and Hf), group VB (V, Nb, and Ta), and group VIB (Mo, and W), group VIIB (Tc and Re), group X referred as noble transition metals (Pt and Pd), and chalcogens (S, Se, and Te); varies their behavior from semiconductor to superconductors for example semiconductor group contains MoS 2 and WS 2 , in the class of semimetals WTe 2 and TiSe 2 are potential candidates, but VSe 2 and NbS 2 are considered as true metals in TMDCs, NbSe 2 , and TaS 2 are able of donating superconductivity near low temperatures (0.8 K) (see Figure 3b). [17,38,[89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96] TMDCs parade exclusive tunable optical and physical properties evolve from quantum size effect, surface defects, and their nanosized thickness. For example, bulks semiconducting TMDCs of 1T phase exhibit an indirect bandgap, but in case of monolayer, they exhibit direct optical and electronic bandgap, resulting in enhanced photoluminescence (PL).…”

Section: Structural Chemistry Of Tmdcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Liquid‐Phase and Intercalation Exfoliations of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides to Produce 2D Framework

Raza

Hassan

Ikram

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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(5 of 46)www.advmatinterfaces.de Figure 3. a) Electronic band structure of various 2D materials. Reproduced under the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license. [95] Copyright 2016, The Authors, published by MDPI. b) Energy level diagrams of various TMDCs. Reproduced with permission. [19] Copyright 2017, Elsevier B.V. c) Archetypal coordination of TMDCs, octahedral coordination forms 1T structures, while triangular prismatic coordination establishes 2H/3R structures. Reproduced with permission. [82] Copyright 2019, Elsevier. d) Structural top view of various polytypes; in 2H, two layers per repeat, the unit shows trigonal prismatic coordination and in 1T, one layer per repeat unit formed octahedral coordination of TMDCs. Reproduced with permission. [89] Copyright 2012, Springer Nature. e) 3D illustration of typical MX 2 structure having chalcogen (yellow atom) and metal (gray atom). Reproduced with permission. [104] Copyright 2011, Springer Nature. f) Schematic demonstration of phonon active modes and their symmetries of bulks and monolayer in MX 2 structures. Reproduced under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license. [105]

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“…Under given conditions, whether a reaction can occur or not is predicted according to the change of Gibbs free energy for the reaction. The change of Gibbs free energy DG for reaction (10) can be calculated in terms of the following equation: (12) and ( 13):…”

Section: Molar Fraction Of O-doping Atom In the Cvd-grown 2d Mosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7][8] Due to the direct bandgap in monolayer forms, TMDs exhibit great opportunities for the preparation of optoelectronic devices. [9][10][11] Moreover, the properties of TMDs can be improved by chemical doping, 12 surface plasmonic enhancement, 13 defect engineering, 14 surface nano-rugging, 15 vertical growth, 16 heterojunctions 17 and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanism for the variation in the photoelectric performance of a photodetector based on CVD-grown 2D MoS₂

et al. 2021

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Chemical doping of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) based field effect transistors: A review

Cited by 45 publications

References 110 publications

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

Advances in Liquid‐Phase and Intercalation Exfoliations of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides to Produce 2D Framework

A mechanism for the variation in the photoelectric performance of a photodetector based on CVD-grown 2D MoS₂

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Chemical doping of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) based field effect transistors: A review

Cited by 45 publications

References 110 publications

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

Advances in Liquid‐Phase and Intercalation Exfoliations of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides to Produce 2D Framework

A mechanism for the variation in the photoelectric performance of a photodetector based on CVD-grown 2D MoS2

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A mechanism for the variation in the photoelectric performance of a photodetector based on CVD-grown 2D MoS₂