Chemical Conversion of Steel Mill Gases to Urea: An Analysis of Plant Capacity

Yildirim, Ömer; Nölker, Klaus; Büker, K.; Kleinschmidt, Ralph

doi:10.1002/cite.201800019

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The similar plasma-catalytic synthesis of H 2 O 2 and its mechanisms are discussed [32,33]. One main goal of Carbon2Chem is the conversion of steel mill gases to basic chemicals such as methanol or ammonia to reduce the net CO 2 emission of steelmaking [34][35][36]. The future possibilities of plasma catalysis for these reactions are summarized as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Properties and Applications of Dielectric Barrier Discharges in Plasma‐Catalytic Processes at Atmospheric Pressure

Ollegott

Wirth

Oberste‐Beulmann

et al. 2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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The combination of a nonthermal plasma and a heterogeneous catalyst provides unique opportunities for chemical transformations. High densities of reactive species, such as ions, radicals or vibrationally excited molecules, are generated by electron collisions and initiate a multitude of chemical reactions in the gas phase. By shifting the reaction site from the gas phase to the surface of the catalyst, the selectivity of these reactions can be significantly enhanced. Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are a promising plasma source for these kinds of applications due to their non‐equilibrium conditions and their simple construction. This review provides a brief introduction to the breakdown mechanism and the various geometries of DBDs and presents several plasma‐catalytic DBD applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Properties and Applications of Dielectric Barrier Discharges in Plasma‐Catalytic Processes at Atmospheric Pressure

Ollegott

Wirth

Oberste‐Beulmann

et al. 2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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“…Another product of synthesis gas, which is being tested in the technical center is ammonia, or the secondary product urea [12]. The focus of research on ammonia synthesis is primarily the generation of synthesis gas.…”

Section: Setup Of the Technical Center And Activities Of The Subprojectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon2Chem® – Technical Center in Duisburg

Wich

Lüke

Büker

et al. 2018

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

Self Cite

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The aim of Carbon2Chem® is to use CO2‐containing top gases from the steel production as a raw material for chemical products. The scientific foundations and tests with synthetic top gases on a laboratory scale have already been investigated. The technical implementation under real top gas conditions is tested in a technical center that was especially built for the project. In the demonstration plants which are directly connected to the integrated steelwork in Duisburg technologies for CO2 reduction are further developed.

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“…Chemical producers must know how much their potential feedstock costs for economic planning purposes; likewise, steel producers need to ensure they receive adequate compensation for the waste gas in order to avoid a loss. Although some papers have assessed the usage of steel mill gas for chemical processes and its calorific value (Joseck et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2011;Lundgren et al, 2013;Uribe-Soto et al, 2017;Frey et al, 2018), literature has not yet evaluated in detail the economic and environmental impact, and most research on processes using steel mill gases as a feedstock either do not account for any direct purchase cost (Ou et al, 2013) or just assume a static standard cost that may not accurately represent the value that steel mill gas provides to the steel mill (Lundgren et al, 2013;Yildirim et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

et al. 2021

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To combat global warming, industry needs to find ways to reduce its carbon footprint. One way this can be done is by re-use of industrial flue gasses to produce value-added chemicals. Prime example feedstocks for the chemical industry are the three flue gasses produced during conventional steel production: blast furnace gas (BFG), basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG), and coke oven gas (COG), due to their relatively high CO, CO2, or H2 content, allowing the production of carbon-based chemicals such as methanol or polymers. It is essential to know for decision-makers if using steel mill gas as a feedstock is more economically favorable and offers a lower global warming impact than benchmark CO and H2. Also, crucial information is which of the three steel mill gasses is the most favorable and under what conditions. This study presents a method for the estimation of the economic value and global warming impact of steel mill gasses, depending on the amount of steel mill gas being utilized by the steel production plant for different purposes at a given time and the economic cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions required to replace these usages. Furthermore, this paper investigates storage solutions for steel mill gas. Replacement cost per ton of CO is found to be less than the benchmark for both BFG (50–70 €/ton) and BOFG (100–130 €/ton), and replacement cost per ton of H2 (1800–2100 €/ton) is slightly less than the benchmark for COG. Of the three kinds of steel mill gas, blast furnace gas is found to be the most economically favorable while also requiring the least emissions to replace per ton of CO and CO2. The GHG emissions replacement required to use BFG (0.43–0.55 tons-CO2-eq./ton CO) is less than for conventional processes to produce CO and CO2, and therefore BFG, in particular, is a potentially desirable chemical feedstock. The method used by this model could also easily be used to determine the value of flue gasses from other industrial plants.

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Chemical Conversion of Steel Mill Gases to Urea: An Analysis of Plant Capacity

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Fundamental Properties and Applications of Dielectric Barrier Discharges in Plasma‐Catalytic Processes at Atmospheric Pressure

Fundamental Properties and Applications of Dielectric Barrier Discharges in Plasma‐Catalytic Processes at Atmospheric Pressure

Carbon2Chem® – Technical Center in Duisburg

Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

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