Chemical control of feeding behaviour in the sea anemone Diadumene luciae (Verrill)

Feeding mechanisms and feeding strategies of Atlantic reef corals

“…Maximum expansion consisted of horizontal and vertical positioning of the tentacles, elevation of the oral disk to form a cone-like mouth, a wide mouth opening, and production of mucus by the epidermis of the oral disk. This may be termed a preparatory feeding posture and is similar to the behaviour described in sea anemones by McFarlane (1970) and Williams (1972), and in corals by Mariscal & Lenhoff (1968) and Abe (1938). The preparatory feeding postures were similar for all species examined and are shown for Porites porites, JWontastrea cavernosa, Madracis mirabilis, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Meandrina meandrites and Eusmilia jastigiata in Plate I, (a)-(f).…”

Feeding mechanisms and feeding strategies of Atlantic reef corals

“…Maximum expansion consisted of horizontal and vertical positioning of the tentacles, elevation of the oral disk to form a cone-like mouth, a wide mouth opening, and production of mucus by the epidermis of the oral disk. This may be termed a preparatory feeding posture and is similar to the behaviour described in sea anemones by McFarlane (1970) and Williams (1972), and in corals by Mariscal & Lenhoff (1968) and Abe (1938). The preparatory feeding postures were similar for all species examined and are shown for Porites porites, JWontastrea cavernosa, Madracis mirabilis, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Meandrina meandrites and Eusmilia jastigiata in Plate I, (a)-(f).…”

FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN POLYPS OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY SEA NETTLE,CHRYSAORA QUINQUECIRRHA(DESOR, 1848)

“…In their natural environment, the polyps feed on a variety of small invertebrates and fish (Cargo and Schultz, 1966) which they capture with the nematocysts, or stinging organelles, present in their tentacles. Their feeding behavior is similar to that observed in Hydra (Lenhoff, 1961) and in a number of other coelenterates (Fulton, 1963;Mariscal and Lenhoff, 1968;Lindstedt, 1971;Reimer, 1971 ;Williams, 1972) and can generally be described as follows. Upon stimulation the tentacles contract and bend towards the mouth.…”

“…However, Forrest (1962) suggests multiple feeding activators in several species of Hydra, and Goreau, Goreau and Yonge (1971) present evidence that at least four amino acids (glycine, alanine, phenylalanine and leucine) in concentrations as low as 10~ 9 M induce feeding behavior in several species of reef coral. Williams (1972) also showed that some expression of feeding behavior occurs in the sea anemone Diadumene in response to six amino acids, reduced glutathione, pyridoxine, and nicotinic acid. However, the concentrations of these chemicals needed to evoke feeding behavior were, with the exception of aspartic and glutamic acids, in the order of 10 3 to 10' 1 Molar.…”

Diel Variation in Prey Capture Behavior by the Corallimorpharian Discosoma sanctithomae: Mechanical and Chemical Activation of Feeding

“…These activators, along with various other amino acids and chemicals, cause both preparatory feeding and ingestion responses in different groups of anthozoans. In some species different activators cause different parts of the feeding response (Lindstedt 1971;Reimer, 1971Reimer, , 1973Williams, 1972;Nagai and Nagai, 1973;Bursey and Guanciale, 1977). This was also observed for D. sanctithomae.…”

“…Both mechanical and chemical stimuli are generally required to elicit a complete feeding response in most cnidarians (Lenhoffand Lindstedt, 1974). Strictly mechanical stimuli do not elicit consistent mouth opening and ingestion (Williams, 1972). Contact with a glass pipette to the oral disc of D. sanctithomae caused only closure and specimens reopened after a few minutes to resume a normal feeding posture.…”

Feeding mechanisms and feeding strategies of Atlantic reef corals

“…Maximum expansion consisted of horizontal and vertical positioning of the tentacles, elevation of the oral disk to form a cone-like mouth, a wide mouth opening, and production of mucus by the epidermis of the oral disk. This may be termed a preparatory feeding posture and is similar to the behaviour described in sea anemones by McFarlane (1970) and Williams (1972), and in corals by Mariscal & Lenhoff (1968) and Abe (1938). The preparatory feeding postures were similar for all species examined and are shown for Porites porites, JWontastrea cavernosa, Madracis mirabilis, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Meandrina meandrites and Eusmilia jastigiata in Plate I, (a)-(f).…”

FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN POLYPS OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY SEA NETTLE,CHRYSAORA QUINQUECIRRHA(DESOR, 1848)

“…In their natural environment, the polyps feed on a variety of small invertebrates and fish (Cargo and Schultz, 1966) which they capture with the nematocysts, or stinging organelles, present in their tentacles. Their feeding behavior is similar to that observed in Hydra (Lenhoff, 1961) and in a number of other coelenterates (Fulton, 1963;Mariscal and Lenhoff, 1968;Lindstedt, 1971;Reimer, 1971 ;Williams, 1972) and can generally be described as follows. Upon stimulation the tentacles contract and bend towards the mouth.…”

“…However, Forrest (1962) suggests multiple feeding activators in several species of Hydra, and Goreau, Goreau and Yonge (1971) present evidence that at least four amino acids (glycine, alanine, phenylalanine and leucine) in concentrations as low as 10~ 9 M induce feeding behavior in several species of reef coral. Williams (1972) also showed that some expression of feeding behavior occurs in the sea anemone Diadumene in response to six amino acids, reduced glutathione, pyridoxine, and nicotinic acid. However, the concentrations of these chemicals needed to evoke feeding behavior were, with the exception of aspartic and glutamic acids, in the order of 10 3 to 10' 1 Molar.…”

Diel Variation in Prey Capture Behavior by the Corallimorpharian Discosoma sanctithomae: Mechanical and Chemical Activation of Feeding

“…These activators, along with various other amino acids and chemicals, cause both preparatory feeding and ingestion responses in different groups of anthozoans. In some species different activators cause different parts of the feeding response (Lindstedt 1971;Reimer, 1971Reimer, , 1973Williams, 1972;Nagai and Nagai, 1973;Bursey and Guanciale, 1977). This was also observed for D. sanctithomae.…”

“…Both mechanical and chemical stimuli are generally required to elicit a complete feeding response in most cnidarians (Lenhoffand Lindstedt, 1974). Strictly mechanical stimuli do not elicit consistent mouth opening and ingestion (Williams, 1972). Contact with a glass pipette to the oral disc of D. sanctithomae caused only closure and specimens reopened after a few minutes to resume a normal feeding posture.…”

Feeding mechanisms and feeding strategies of Atlantic reef corals

“…Maximum expansion consisted of horizontal and vertical positioning of the tentacles, elevation of the oral disk to form a cone-like mouth, a wide mouth opening, and production of mucus by the epidermis of the oral disk. This may be termed a preparatory feeding posture and is similar to the behaviour described in sea anemones by McFarlane (1970) and Williams (1972), and in corals by Mariscal & Lenhoff (1968) and Abe (1938). The preparatory feeding postures were similar for all species examined and are shown for Porites porites, JWontastrea cavernosa, Madracis mirabilis, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Meandrina meandrites and Eusmilia jastigiata in Plate I, (a)-(f).…”

FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN POLYPS OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY SEA NETTLE,CHRYSAORA QUINQUECIRRHA(DESOR, 1848)

“…In their natural environment, the polyps feed on a variety of small invertebrates and fish (Cargo and Schultz, 1966) which they capture with the nematocysts, or stinging organelles, present in their tentacles. Their feeding behavior is similar to that observed in Hydra (Lenhoff, 1961) and in a number of other coelenterates (Fulton, 1963;Mariscal and Lenhoff, 1968;Lindstedt, 1971;Reimer, 1971 ;Williams, 1972) and can generally be described as follows. Upon stimulation the tentacles contract and bend towards the mouth.…”

“…However, Forrest (1962) suggests multiple feeding activators in several species of Hydra, and Goreau, Goreau and Yonge (1971) present evidence that at least four amino acids (glycine, alanine, phenylalanine and leucine) in concentrations as low as 10~ 9 M induce feeding behavior in several species of reef coral. Williams (1972) also showed that some expression of feeding behavior occurs in the sea anemone Diadumene in response to six amino acids, reduced glutathione, pyridoxine, and nicotinic acid. However, the concentrations of these chemicals needed to evoke feeding behavior were, with the exception of aspartic and glutamic acids, in the order of 10 3 to 10' 1 Molar.…”

Diel Variation in Prey Capture Behavior by the Corallimorpharian Discosoma sanctithomae: Mechanical and Chemical Activation of Feeding

“…These activators, along with various other amino acids and chemicals, cause both preparatory feeding and ingestion responses in different groups of anthozoans. In some species different activators cause different parts of the feeding response (Lindstedt 1971;Reimer, 1971Reimer, , 1973Williams, 1972;Nagai and Nagai, 1973;Bursey and Guanciale, 1977). This was also observed for D. sanctithomae.…”

“…Both mechanical and chemical stimuli are generally required to elicit a complete feeding response in most cnidarians (Lenhoffand Lindstedt, 1974). Strictly mechanical stimuli do not elicit consistent mouth opening and ingestion (Williams, 1972). Contact with a glass pipette to the oral disc of D. sanctithomae caused only closure and specimens reopened after a few minutes to resume a normal feeding posture.…”