Chemical composition of SCG extracts obtained from coal and maceral concentrates

Vayisogľu, E.S.; Bartle, Keith D.; Erbatur, N.G.; Frere, B.; Snape, Colin E.; Erbatur, Oktay

doi:10.1016/0378-3820(95)00046-1

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Studies on this technique varied from percentage yield determination using coals of different rank and various solvents to identification of the chemical structure of specific fractions of the extracts. Considerable work has been done to study the supercritical toluene extraction of lignites Togrul and Olcay, 1978;Vayisoglu et al, 1993Vayisoglu et al, , 1996Arin and Demirbas, 2002). In an investigation, supercritical extraction of scrap tire and coprocessing of coal with tire oil were studied and the effects of the hydrocarbon and polar solvents used under the supercritical extraction conditions on the conversion and oil product of tire were Downloaded by [Nova Southeastern University] at 10:47 05 January 2015 determined, and it was observed that all volatile organic material of the scrap tire was converted to the liquid or gas product (Giray and Sonmez, 2004).…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Progress of Fossil Fuel Science

Demirbas¹

2007

Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy

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Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Progress of Fossil Fuel Science

Demirbas¹

2007

Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy

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“…The SCFE is one of the best methods to obtain liquid fuels from coals. Considerable work has been done to study the supercritical toluene extraction of lignites Karabakan, 1990, 1991;Vayisoglu et al, 1993Vayisoglu et al, , 1996Yazıcıgil and Kara, 2001;Okudan and Kara, 2001;Demirbas, 2002c;Şimşek et al, 2002a;Demirbas, 2004;Giray and Sönmez, 2004) and extraction conditions (Önal and Akol, 2003).…”

Section: Studies On Turkish Lignitementioning

confidence: 99%

Turkey's Major Lignite Fields and Significance of Lignite for Energy Necessity

Balat¹

2007

Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy

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The objective of this study is to determine the lignite use for Turkey's energy necessity. Lignite is the most important energy resource of Turkey when compared with others according to the amount of reserves. Lignite is the dominant source of energy produced (43%) in Turkey. Lignite deposits are encountered in almost every region of Turkey. Total lignite reserves are estimated at 8,375 million tons, of which 7,340 million tons (88%) is economically feasible. Share of lignite reserves of Turkey are 2% in the world. Lignite deposits are encountered in almost every region of Turkey. Afsin-Elbistan, Mugla, Soma, Tuncbilek, Seyitomer, Beypazari and Sivas basins constitutes the most important known lignite reserves. The biggest lignite deposits, 40% of the total, are in Afsin-Elbistan. Lignite extraction is expected to increase as the government feels pressure to close down unprofitable hard coal mines that are geologically difficult, increasing the cost of extraction.

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Section: Main Conversion Processes Of Coal To Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Coal as a Source of Chemicals

Demırbas¹

2007

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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Coal consists carbon-based substances can be used as a source of specialty aromatic chemicals and aliphatic chemicals. Four widespread processes allow for making chemicals from coals: gasification, liquefaction, direct conversion, and co-production of chemicals and fuels along with electricity. Coal is gasified to produce synthesis gas (syngas) with a gasifier which is then converted to parafinic liquid fuels and chemicals by Fischer-Trops synthesis. Liquid product from coal gasification mainly contains benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), phenols, alkylphenols, and cresol. Methanol is made using coal or syngas with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a 2 to 1 ratio. Coal-derived methanol has many preferable properties as it is free of sulfur and other impurities. Syngas from coal can be reformed to hydrogen. Ammonium sulfate from coal tar by pyrolysis can be converted to ammonia. The humus substances can be recovered from brown coal by alkali extraction.

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Chemical composition of SCG extracts obtained from coal and maceral concentrates

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Progress of Fossil Fuel Science

Progress of Fossil Fuel Science

Turkey's Major Lignite Fields and Significance of Lignite for Energy Necessity

Utilization of Coal as a Source of Chemicals

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