Chemical composition of processed bamboo for structural applications

Sharma, Bhavna; Shah, Darshil U.; Beaugrand, Johnny; Janeček, Emma Rose; Scherman, Oren A.; Ramage, Michael

doi:10.1007/s10570-018-1789-0

Cited by 62 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The quantified xylose in our study certainly could come from a xylan-rich layer (located in the secondary cell wall), and the latter would not be affected by soaking and beating. Interestingly, a xylose enrichment has also been reported during bamboo processing by bleaching and caramelization procedures (Sharma et al 2018); those authors hypothesized that the xylan backbone was covalently bonded with other cell wall polymers, such as lignin via hydroxycinnamic moieties (such as ferulic acids), to form a cross-linked network, which limited chemical access.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beating of hemp bast fibres: an examination of a hydro-mechanical treatment on chemical, structural, and nanomechanical property evolutions

et al. 2019

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In this study, a gradually increased hydro-mechanical treatments duration were applied to native hemp bast fibres with a traditional pulp and paper beating device (laboratory Valley beater). There is often a trade-off between the treatment applied to the fibres and the effect on their integrity. The multimodal analysis provided an understanding of the beating impact on the fibres at multiple scales and the experimental design made it possible to distinguish the effects of hydro-and hydromechanical treatment. Porosity analyses showed that beating treatment doubled the macroporosity and possibly reduced nanoporosity between the cellulose microfibrils. The beating irregularly extracted the amorphous components known to be preferentially located in the middle lamellae and the primary cell walls rather than in the secondary walls, the overall increasing the crystallinity of cellulose from 49.3 % to 59.1 %, but a non-significant change in the indentation moduli of the cell wall was observed. In addition, beating treatments with two distinct mechanical severities showed a disorganization of the cellulose conformation, which significant dropped the indention moduli by 11.2 GPa and 8.4 GPa for 10 and 20 minutes of Valley beater hydromechanical treatment, respectively, compared to hydro-treated hemp fibres (16.6 GPa). Pearson's correlation coefficients between physicochemical features and the final indentation moduli were calculated. Strong positive correlations were highlighted between the cellulose crystallinity and rhamnose, galactose and mannose as non-cellulosic polysaccharide components of the cell wall.

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Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beating of hemp bast fibres: an examination of a hydro-mechanical treatment on chemical, structural, and nanomechanical property evolutions

et al. 2019

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“…Recently, tremendous efforts have been devoted to processing bamboo into sustainable, eco‐friendly, cost‐effective, and high‐performance composite materials. Pre‐treatment with bleaching, saturated steam, hot oil, or by filling with resin followed by densification, has led to the enhanced mechanical performance of natural bamboo . However, the improvement of the mechanical strength is moderate, generally achieving a tensile strength of 200–300 MPa and flexural strength of 100–320 MPa (Tables S1 and S2, Supporting Information), which is mainly due to the natural brittleness of the lignin network and inefficient load transfer caused by weak interface interactions between the sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells and the existence of numerous defects.…”

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confidence: 94%

A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

et al. 2020

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Lightweight structural materials with high strength are desirable for advanced applications in transportation, construction, automotive, and aerospace. Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants with a peak growth rate up to 100 cm per day. Here, a simple and effective top‐down approach is designed for processing natural bamboo into a lightweight yet strong bulk structural material with a record high tensile strength of ≈1 GPa and toughness of 9.74 MJ m−3. More specifically, bamboo is densified by the partial removal of its lignin and hemicellulose, followed by hot‐pressing. Long, aligned cellulose nanofibrils with dramatically increased hydrogen bonds and largely reduced structural defects in the densified bamboo structure contribute to its high mechanical tensile strength, flexural strength, and toughness. The low density of lignocellulose in the densified bamboo leads to a specific strength of 777 MPa cm3 g−1, which is significantly greater than other reported bamboo materials and most structural materials (e.g., natural polymers, plastics, steels, and alloys). This work demonstrates a potential large‐scale production of lightweight, strong bulk structural materials from abundant, fast‐growing, and sustainable bamboo.

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“…The temperature used for caramelisation of bamboo is lower than in Yin et al's [21] study, but given the similar cell-wall molecular architecture in wood and bamboo, there is potential to see a similar reduction in bamboo. Indeed, [23] measure an 18% drop between raw Moso bamboo and the caramelised material used in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In general for bleaching, strips of bamboo are soaked in a bath of hydrogen peroxide solution at approximately 70-80 • C. In caramelisation, the strips are treated with steam at approximately 120-130 • C. The moisture contents of the specimens were measured after testing by the oven dry method [25]. A detailed study of the chemical composition of these materials after treatment is presented by Sharma et al [23]. The 19mm-thick sheets were cut to form specimens for measurement of the fracture properties of the material.…”

Section: Figure 1notationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we measure fracture toughness in each of the three modes of fracture observed in the failure of beams and connections in laminated bamboo: crack growth parallel to grain in Mode I, perpendicular to grain in Mode I and parallel to grain in Mode II. This work builds on the understanding of the chemical composition [23] and interface properties [24] of the same commerciallyproduced preservative-treated material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture of laminated bamboo and the influence of preservative treatments

Reynolds

Sharma

Serrano

et al. 2019

Composites Part B: Engineering

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Treated bamboo can be made into large, durable structural elements which have the potential to become a transformative large-scale building material, but the fracture behaviour which determines their ultimate strength in various loading scenarios has not been studied. Laminated bamboo is a promising structural engineered bamboo material, and is generally made from bamboo treated to improve its durability. Studies into the structural behaviour of laminated bamboo indicate that different preservative treatments affect the structural properties of the composite differently, with conflicting evidence from tests in different load orientations. This study uses fracture mechanical testing and microscopy to develop an understanding of the fracture mechanics of engineered bamboo, and explains why the properties of the composite under tension, compression and bending may be affected differently by the treatment processes. Two types of treated Moso bamboo are studied alongside the same material with minimal processing. The treated material had gone through one of two commercial processes: bathing in a hydrogen peroxide bleach solution, or treatment by pressurised steam (described as caramelised). The results show that the critical strain energy release rate in the caramelised material is much lower than that in the bleached, and the fracture behaviour of the bleached material is closer to that of the raw bamboo. Fracture experiments included Mode I and Mode II fracture with cracks progressing parallel to the grain, and Mode I fracture with a crack progressing perpendicular to the grain. The results shed new light on the strength of structural-size elements.

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Chemical composition of processed bamboo for structural applications

Cited by 62 publications

References 42 publications

Beating of hemp bast fibres: an examination of a hydro-mechanical treatment on chemical, structural, and nanomechanical property evolutions

Beating of hemp bast fibres: an examination of a hydro-mechanical treatment on chemical, structural, and nanomechanical property evolutions

A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

Fracture of laminated bamboo and the influence of preservative treatments

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