Chemical Composition of Cotton Dust and its Relation to Byssinosis

Cooke, T.F.

doi:10.1177/004051757904900706

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…However, there is a significant. amount of evidence to suggest that the biologically active agent in cotton dust is water-extractable, as discussed by Merchant el al. [10~ and Cooke [3]. Since this is beginning to appear more and more likely to be the case; as we examine the data reported by Battigelli El] and Fischer [6], we may be able to adapt either the rayon deep-bed system in some fashion as characterized in Table I, or the shallow-bed type of equipment we use in Greenville as characterized by Table III-an abbreviated version of Table II. Tables II and III illustrate the range in washingprocess stages used in the washed-cotton screening trials conducted by Cotton Incorporated.…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Cleaning and Washing Processes for Cotton Fiber

Winch

1980

Textile Research Journal

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A brief survey of wet-processing equipment of potential interest for washing cotton staple prior to spinning is provided, emphasizing continuous processes for staple-and highlighting a) wool-scouring equipment, b) rayon-washing equipment, and c) various adaptations of the full scour-and-bleach process developed by Cotton Incorporated for cotton staple in continuous batt formation. A series of seven different washing treatments ranging from simple warm- and hot-water washes to a full scour and bleach were applied to cotton in continuous batt formation for subsequent evaluation by other authors of this series of papers. They characterize these washed cottons with respect to dust levels, carding and spinning properties, and the chemical nature and biological activities of the dust remaining on the cotton fiber subsequent to washing. Technical and economic feasibility perspectives are also discussed. The remarkable reduction in biological activity of residual cotton dust remaining on the cotton fiber subsequent to washing, as reported by Battigelli [1] and Fisher [6], indicates that reasonable washing disciplines inherent in continuous-washing systems should be highly effective in qualifying cotton for exemption from the dust standard.

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Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Cleaning and Washing Processes for Cotton Fiber

Winch

1980

Textile Research Journal

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“…The etiologic agents in byssinosis are not known but are thought to be water-soluble compounds that are either constitutive components of the bracts or derived from bacteria contaminating the bracts [12,30,31]. While the chemical complexity of the cotton mill dust has hindered the identification of the etiologic agent(s) responsible for byssinosis, endotoxin, derived from the gram-negative bacteria contaminating the bracts, is one of the compounds considered to be a major etiologic agent, and the correlation between cotton dust endotoxin levels and acute bronchoconstriction is consistent with a role for endotoxin [7,[30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannin inhibition of protein kinase C in airway epithelium

Cloutier

Guernsey

1995

Lung

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Tannin, a polydisperse polyphenol extracted from cotton bracts (CBE), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of byssinosis, a lung disease of mill workers. CBE tannin inhibits chloride secretion in airway epithelial cells by means of an unknown mechanism(s). Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) in airway cells increases chloride secretion. The effect of tannin on this PKC pathway was examined, using canine tracheal epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers. PMA addition (10 nM) to the mucosal bath resulted in a 0.36 +/- 0.07 microEq/cm2.h (mean +/- SEM, n = 20) increase in short-circuit current (Isc) and a 0.38 +/- 0.17 microEq/cm2.h increase in net chloride secretion (Jnet). The inactive 4 alpha-phorbol had no effect. Tannin addition to the mucosal bath produced a dose-dependent decrease in Isc and Jnet. In tissues pretreated with 2-50 micrograms/ml tannin, and subsequently stimulated with PMA, tannin inhibited PMA stimulation of chloride secretion beginning at a tannin concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (0.09 +/- 0.05 microEq/cm2.h [n = 10] increase in Isc and 0.08 +/- 0.03 microEq/cm2.h increase in Jnet with PMA after tannin pretreatment). At 50 micrograms/ml tannin, the stimulatory effect of PMA was completely abolished. The known PKC inhibitor, H-7 (20 microM), inhibited PMA stimulation, while chelerythrine (2 microM) had not effect on PMA-stimulated Isc and Jnet, and calphostin C was toxic to the airway epithelium. In membrane fragments, 2.5 micrograms/ml tannin inhibited the rate of histone III phosphorylation by PMA from 32.1 +/- 4.4 nmol/mg protein per min to 20.1 +/- 2.7 nmol/mg protein per min (n = 7). In bovine airway cells, tannin pretreatment (2.5 micrograms/ml) decreased the cytosolic activity of PKC but had no effect on PKC translocation to the membrane. We conclude that tannin inhibits chloride secretion in airway epithelial cells in part by inhibiting PKC.

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“…Additives used in harvesting or processing may be present. There are also chemicals due to the cotton dust, plant parts, and other trash; as discussed in recent reviews [3,16,22], these can include terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, lignins, lipids; proteins, amines, and pigments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Profiling of Washed and Mechanically Cleaned Cotton

Rousselle

Montalvo

Baril

1983

Textile Research Journal

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Cotton samples were analyzed after water washing or mechanical cleaning to compare the effects of such processes on chemical content of the bulk cotton. Water extracts of the samples were analyzed for organic carbon content by measuring total organic carbon and for ionizable species by measuring conductance. Total solids content and pH of the extracts were also determined before and after washing or cleaning. The level of noncellulosic organic compounds in the bulk samples was evaluated by extraction of the cotton samples with 2-amiftoethanot. The effect of washing and cleaning on volatiles evolved from the bulk samples was compared by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry measurements. All analyses of water extracts showed only slight changes after mechanical cleaning on a Shirley Analyzer, while large decreases in all values were found after water washing. Analyses of water extracts of cottons washed in the laboratory gave results close to those obtained on a "medical grade" cotton.

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Chemical Composition of Cotton Dust and its Relation to Byssinosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Evaluation of Cleaning and Washing Processes for Cotton Fiber

Evaluation of Cleaning and Washing Processes for Cotton Fiber

Tannin inhibition of protein kinase C in airway epithelium

Chemical Profiling of Washed and Mechanically Cleaned Cotton

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