Chemical and structural factors influencing enzymatic saccharification of wood from aspen, birch and spruce

Wang, Zhao; Winestrand, Sandra; Gillgren, Thomas; Jönsson, Leif J.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.12.020

Cited by 76 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The reliability of analyzing the S/G ratio by py-GC/MS has been shown for eucalyptus samples (Ohra-aho et al, 2013), and the method is most likely valid for GX hemicelluloses. A recently published S/G ratio for birch wood from Sweden was 3.25 (Wang et al, 2018). Although the results are not necessarily comparable for samples from different wood materials, the S/G ratio obtained for lignin associated with GX seems fairly high, also taking into consideration the results obtained for other hardwood species.…”

Section: Analysis Of Phenolic Contents Of Starting Hemicelluloses Andmentioning

confidence: 72%

Lignin-Rich PHWE Hemicellulose Extracts Responsible for Extended Emulsion Stabilization

et al. 2019

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Wood hemicelluloses have an excellent capacity to form and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. Galactoglucomannans (GGM) from spruce and glucuronoxylans (GX) from birch provide multifunctional protection against physical breakdown and lipid oxidation in emulsions. Phenolic residues, coextracted with hemicelluloses using the pressurized hot water (PHWE) process, seem to further enhance emulsion stability. According to hypothesis, phenolic residues associated with hemicelluloses deliver and anchor hemicelluloses at the emulsion interface. This study is the first to characterize the structure of the phenolic residues in both GGM-and GX-rich wood extracts and their role in the stabilization of emulsions. PHWE GGM and GX were fractionated by centrifugation to obtain concentrated phenolic residues as one fraction (GGM-phe and GX-phe) and partially purified hemicelluloses as the other fraction (GGM-pur and GX-pur). To evaluate the role of each fraction in terms of physical and oxidative stabilization, rapeseed oil-in-water emulsions were prepared using GGM, GX, GGM-pur, and GX-pur as stabilizers. Changes in droplet-size distribution and peroxide values were measured during a 3-month accelerated storage test. The results for fresh emulsions indicated that the phenolic-rich fractions in hemicelluloses take part in the formation of emulsions. Furthermore, results from the accelerated storage test indicated that phenolic structures improve the long-term physical stability of emulsions. According to measured peroxide values, all hemicelluloses examined inhibited lipid oxidation in emulsions, GX being the most effective. This indicates that phenolic residues associated with hemicelluloses act as antioxidants in emulsions. According to chemical characterization using complementary methods, the phenolic fractions, GGM-phe and GX-phe, were composed mainly of lignin. Furthermore, the total carbohydrate content of the phenolic fractions was clearly lower compared to the starting hemicelluloses GGM and GX, and the purified fractions GGM-pur and GX-pur. Apparently, the phenolic structures were enriched in the GGM-phe and GX-phe fractions, which was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy as well as by other characterization methods. The frequency of the main bonding pattern in lignins, the β-O-4 structure, was clearly very high, suggesting that extracted lignin remains in native form. Furthermore, the lignin carbohydrate complex of γ-ester type was found, which could explain the excellent stabilizing properties of PHWE hemicelluloses in emulsions.

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Section: Analysis Of Phenolic Contents Of Starting Hemicelluloses Andmentioning

confidence: 72%

Lignin-Rich PHWE Hemicellulose Extracts Responsible for Extended Emulsion Stabilization

et al. 2019

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“…Nos dois casos, os teores de lignina total, embora menores, foram semelhantes aos valores médios encontrados em madeiras, como o eucalipto (25-30%) e pinus (23-28%) (Benites et al, 2018;Edmunds et al, 2017;Jardim et al, 2017). No entanto, algumas matérias-primas podem apresentar teores elevados de lignina, afetando o processo de polpação, como é o caso de outras fibras não madeireiras (Liu et al, 2018), abetos e espécies nativas euroasiáticas (Wang et al 2018). Além disso, fatores fenotípicos, como a influência climática e qualidade dos solos, podem afetar essa variável, apesar de ela apresentar elevada herdabilidade (Golle et al, 2009).…”

Section: Tabela 3 Composição Química Percentual Dos Materiaisunclassified

Avaliação das propriedades do bagaço de cana e bambu para produção de celulose e papel

Pego

Bianchi

Veiga

2019

RCA

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The raw materials commonly used to produce pulp and paper in Brazil are woods from planted forests. Although with tremendous potential, the use of non-wood fibers is inexpressive. This study thus aimed to evaluate the use of sugarcane bagasse and bamboo to produce pulp and paper via physical, chemical and anatomical characterization, and to verify the influence of its properties on the process and the final product. Anatomical analysis of the fibers was performed (length and width from fibers and vessels, lumen width and cell wall thickness), as well as chemical component analysis (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and ash) and basic density of the materials. Moreover, felting rate, Runkel, Mulsteph and Boiler indexes, flexibility coefficient and wall fraction were generated. Results showed that both materials differed statistically in chemical properties, except for lignin content; density and anatomical properties, excluding vessel width and felting rate. Bamboo presented higher values cellulose (52.96%), minerals (2.34%), density (0.461 g/ cm³), wall fraction (67.84%) and Runkel (2.11), Mulsteph (0.90) and Boiler indices (0.81) values, whereas sugarcane bagasse presented higher hemicellulose (17.63%), extractives (12.81%) and flexibility coefficient (46.19%) values. Most properties were similar to those observed in raw materials commonly used for this purpose. Therefore, these two materials have potential for use in the pulp and paper industries.

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“…However, the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic feedstocks to bioconversion cannot be explained by looking only at chemical factors. Lignocellulose recalcitrance is also to a high extent caused by structural features [21]. The degree of polymerization and crystallinity of cellulose, as well as biomass porosity, specific surface area and particle size are factors contributing to the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to enzymatic saccharification [8,17].…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of polymerization and crystallinity of cellulose, as well as biomass porosity, specific surface area and particle size are factors contributing to the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to enzymatic saccharification [8,17]. In a recent study, a systematic comparison of three different wood species revealed that without pretreatment the structural factors were more important than the chemical composition and the cellulose crystallinity for explaining the differences in recalcitrance towards enzymatic saccharification [21].…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have included attempts to follow the reaction rate at different phases of cellulose saccharification by taking multiple samples rather than focusing only on end-point values. These studies have included sampling after 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h [65,69], or sampling at an early time point (2 or 4 h) and then at the end of the reaction (72 h) [21,[57][58][59][60]. The sugar yield from the different approaches listed in Table 2 ranges from as low as 9 mg of reducing sugar per gram biomass [62,63] to as high as 0.5 g of glucose per gram biomass [48].…”

Section: Pretreatment and Enzymatic Saccharificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Conversion to Biofuels and Bio-Based Chemicals

2018

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Lignocellulosic feedstocks are an important resource for biorefining of renewables to bio-based fuels, chemicals, and materials. Relevant feedstocks include energy crops, residues from agriculture and forestry, and agro-industrial and forest-industrial residues. The feedstocks differ with respect to their recalcitrance to bioconversion through pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification, which will produce sugars that can be further converted to advanced biofuels and other products through microbial fermentation processes. In analytical enzymatic saccharification, the susceptibility of lignocellulosic samples to pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification is assessed in analytical scale using high-throughput or semi-automated techniques. This type of analysis is particularly relevant for screening of large collections of natural or transgenic varieties of plants that are dedicated to production of biofuels or other bio-based chemicals. In combination with studies of plant physiology and cell wall chemistry, analytical enzymatic saccharification can provide information about the fundamental reasons behind lignocellulose recalcitrance as well as about the potential of collections of plants or different fractions of plants for industrial biorefining. This review is focused on techniques used by researchers for screening the susceptibility of plants to pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification, and advantages and disadvantages that are associated with different approaches.

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Chemical and structural factors influencing enzymatic saccharification of wood from aspen, birch and spruce

Cited by 76 publications

References 46 publications

Lignin-Rich PHWE Hemicellulose Extracts Responsible for Extended Emulsion Stabilization

Lignin-Rich PHWE Hemicellulose Extracts Responsible for Extended Emulsion Stabilization

Avaliação das propriedades do bagaço de cana e bambu para produção de celulose e papel

Analytical Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Conversion to Biofuels and Bio-Based Chemicals

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