Chemical and physical properties of organic residues

Abstract

SUMMARYDue to human activity, large amounts of organic residue are generated daily. Therefore, an adequate use in agricultural activities requires the characterization of the main properties. The chemical and physical characterization is important when planning the use and management of organic residue. In this study, chemical and physical properties of charcoal, coffee husk, pine-bark, cattle manure, chicken manure, coconut fiber, sewage sludge, peat, and vermiculite were determined. The following properties were analyzed: N-NH 4 + , N-N0 3 -, and total concentrations of N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B, as well as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and bulk density. Coffee husk, sewage sludge, chicken manure and cattle manure were generally richer in nutrients. The EC values of these residues were also the highest (0.08 -40.6 dS m -1 ). Peat and sewage sludge had the highest bulky density. Sodium contents varied from 0 to 4.75 g kg -1 , with the highest levels in chicken manure, cattle manure and sewage sludge. Great care must be taken when establishing proportions of organic residues in the production of substrates with coffee husk, cattle or chicken manure or sewage sludge in the calculation of the applied fertilizer quantity in crop fertilization programs.Index terms: substrate, organic residue, soil contamination, residue disposal.( de: N, N-amônio, Nnitrato, P, S, K, Ca, Zn, Cu e B; foram, também, os

Mineralization and efficiency index of nitrogen in cattle manure fertilizers on the soil

“…In a general manner, these results are similar to the ones obtained by HIGASHIKAWA et al (2010) and SCHULZ et al (2012). In our study, CM showed higher contents of total C and N, K and C/N ratio when compared with CMV and CMS.…”

Características químicas de substratos formulados com lodo de esgoto para produção de mudas florestais

“…Os substratos formulados apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os teores totais de N, com as maiores médias entre 19 e 21,1 g kg -1 para os substratos com 100% de lodo de esgoto (T1) enquanto aqueles formulados com palha de café in natura nas proporções 20, 40 e 60%, não diferindo estatisticamente entre si (p ≤ 0,05, Tabela 5). Higashikawa et al (2010) caracterizaram as propriedades químicas de resíduos orgânicos e encontraram valores totais de N na casca de café, esterco bovino e lodo de esgoto acima de 18 e de até 12,2 g kg -1 em fibra de coco, casca de pinho, serragem, turfa, carvão e vermiculita enquanto no presente estudo o lodo de esgoto apresentou uma média de 19 g kg -1 e para a fibra de coco este valor se manteve entre 11,2 a 16,4 g kg -1…”

Macronutrients in watermelon plants fertilized with potassium and cattle manure

“…Based on the results in all situations, the contents of Mg are within the range of 5-12 g kg -1 established as adequate for the watermelon crop (Trani & Raij, 1997) Due to the increase in the doses of cattle manure, the contents of S fitted to a quadratic model of polynomial regression ( and 12.8 kg ha -1 of K 2 O, was responsible, respectively, for the highest contents of S 2.60, 2.73 and 2.79 g kg -1 (Figure 4). The superiority of S contents in the treatments with higher amount of cattle manure, in relation to the lower doses, is due to the fact that the manure is source of S to the plants and, therefore, higher doses contribute with greater increments in the availability of the element in the soil to the plants (Higashikawa et al, 2010).…”

“…The manure, besides providing elements in small amounts to the soil, especially N, P and S, increases the efficiency of mineral fertilization and, therefore, the availability of nutrients to plants (Higashikawa et al, 2010).…”