Chemical and Bioactivity Evaluation ofEryngium planumandCnicus benedictusPolyphenolic-Rich Extracts

Abstract

This study evaluated the biological activities of Eryngium planum and of Cnicus benedictus extracts enriched in polyphenols obtained by nanofiltration. The HPLC-MS analysis showed that E. planum contains mainly flavonoids, especially rutin, while in C. benedictus extracts show the high concentration of the phenolic acids, principally the chlorogenic acid and sinapic acid. Herein, there is the first report of ursolic acid, genistin, and isorhamnetin in E. planum and C. benedictus. C. benedictus polyphenolic-rich extract showed high scavenging activity (IC50=0.0081 mg/mL) comparable to that of standard compound (ascorbic acid) and a higher reducing power (IC50= 0.082 mg/mL), with IC50 having a significantly lower value than IC50 for ascorbic acid. Both extracts were nontoxic to NCTC cell line. Among the investigated herbs, E. planum polyphenolic-rich extract showed the highest inhibitory activities with the IC50 value of 31.3 μg/mL for lipoxygenase and 24.6 μg/mL for hyaluronidase. Both polyphenolic-rich extracts had a higher inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase than that of the acarbose. The synergistic effect of ursolic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, genistin, and daidzein identified in polyphenolic-rich extracts could be mainly responsible for the pharmacological potentials of the studied extracts used in managing inflammation and diabetes.

Extracts and essential oil of two medicinal plants as a candidate against urinary tract infection caused by multi-drug resistance E. coli

“…There are no reports of catechin and quercetin in extracts of this species of Eryngium caucasicum Trautv. However, Paun et al [50] identify quercetin and chlorogenic acid in the ethanolic extract of Eryngium planum [50], and Marcetik et al [51] detect catechin and chlorogenic acid in the root methanolic extract of E. palmatum [51]. In comparison to their reports, both avonoids including catechin and quercetin were higher in aqueous extract than in ethanolic extract in our study.…”

Lipoxygenase Inhibition by Plant Extracts

“…Total polyphenol content of the extract was 1.36 mg GAE/g. Paun et al extracted aerial parts of Eryngium planum in 50% ethanol with water ( v / v ) [ 21 ]. The obtained extract was subjected to lipoxygenase inhibition testing and showed high inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value of 31.30 µg/mL.…”

“…Ethanolic extract of Cnicus benedictus investigated by Paun et al also showed very good ability of lipoxygenase inhibition (IC 50 = 52.70 µg/mL) [ 21 ]. Total flavonoid content in extract was 0.47 mg QE/mL and total phenolic content was 2.65 mg GAE/mL.…”

A Review of the Traditional Uses, Medicinal Properties and Phytochemistry of Centaurea benedicta L.

“…38 Microfiltration and nanofiltration processes can be used to prepare extracts with substantially higher polyphenol content, DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing power. 39 Other therapeutic properties…”

“…53 An abundance of triterpenoids, including a-amyrenone, a-amyrin acetate, a-amyrine and multiflorenol acetate have also been reported. 39 Additionally, the levels of tannins in C. benedicta extracts have been found to be as high as 8%. 54 The lignans trachelogenin, nortracheloside and artigenin are also present in relative abundance in C. benedicta extracts, 55 together with lower levels of flavonoids 56 and essential oils.…”