Chemical analysis of raw and processed Fructus arctii by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry

Abstract

Background:In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), raw and processed herbs are used to treat the different diseases. Fructus Arctii, the dried fruits of Arctium lappa l. (Compositae), is widely used in the TCM. Stir-frying is the most common processing method, which might modify the chemical compositions in Fructus Arctii.Materials and Methods:To test this hypothesis, we focused on analysis and identification of the main chemical constituents in raw and processed Fructus Arctii (PFA) by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.Results:The results indicated that there was less arctiin in stir-fried materials than in raw materials. however, there were higher levels of arctigenin in stir-fried materials than in raw materials.Conclusion:We suggest that arctiin reduced significantly following the thermal conversion of arctiin to arctigenin. In conclusion, this finding may shed some light on understanding the differences in the therapeutic values of raw versus PFA in TCM.

The Extract of Arctium lappa L. Fruit (Arctii Fructus) Improves Cancer-Induced Cachexia by Inhibiting Weight Loss of Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue

“…Arctiin and arctigenin are the main bioactive compounds of AF [ 25 ]. Arctiin and arctigenin are natural compounds belonging to the lignin family and are characterized by their dibenzylbutane skeleton [ 26 ].…”

Arctigenin fromFructus Arctii(Seed of Burdock) Reinforces Intestinal Barrier Function in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

“…Recently, the major components of F. Arctii have been identified, such as chlorogenic acid, arctiin, and arctigenin [ 21 ]. Besides these components, it contains many constituents such as dicaffeoylquinic acid, lappaol H, lappaol C, arctignan E, matairesinol, lappaol A, matairesinoside, lappaol B, diarctigenin, and methyl arctate-b.…”

Arctium Species Secondary Metabolites Chemodiversity and Bioactivities

“…Major biologically active lignans include mainly arctigenin (a dietary phytoestrogen) and its glycoside, arctiin (lignanolides) occurring commonly in seeds, roots, fruits, and leaves of A. lappa and A. tomentosum (Yu et al, 2003; Ming et al, 2004; Liu et al, 2005, 2012, 2015; Wang et al, 2005; Matsumoto et al, 2006; Gao et al, 2008; Boldizsar et al, 2010; Ferracane et al, 2010; Zhou et al, 2011; Qin et al, 2014; Su et al, 2015; Lou et al, 2016). In addition, seeds and roots are distributed with low levels of dilignans and sesquilignans.…”

“…Lappaol A, C, and F are also found in the fruits of A. tomentosum (Kardosova et al, 2003). Two new lignans, neoarctin A and B, along with other recognized compounds including arctiin, arctigenin, daucosterol, lappaol F, isolappaol C and matairesinol were identified in seeds of A. lappa (Wang and Yang, 1995; Kardosova et al, 2003; Yong et al, 2007; Gao et al, 2008; Qin et al, 2014; Su et al, 2015). A simple RP-HPLC method was developed to identify the presence of arctiin in fruits of A. lappa (Yu et al, 2003; Boldizsar et al, 2010).…”

“…The main traditional use of the roots of A. lappa in Europe comprises treatment of dermatological disorders (Saric-Kundalic et al, 2010; Miglani and Manchanda, 2014) whereas in other Eastern and Asian countries A. lappa fruits and roots are used as an antidiabetic remedy (Tousch et al, 2014; Xu et al, 2014, 2015; Ahangarpour et al, 2017). In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), apart from the antidiabetic activity, the roots of A. lappa are considered as a blood detoxifying agent (Qin et al, 2014). In the Japanese pharmacopeia, the fruit is included as a traditional herbal medicine with recent studies revealing the potential of its extracts in oncology (Ikeda et al, 2016).…”