Chemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Effect of Propolis from Hakkari Province of Turkey against Some Pathogenic Microorganisms

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of propolis from Hakkari province of Turkey and its chemical content by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. In vitro inhibitory activity of propolis was studied by the disc diffusion method against six gram positive, three gram negative bacteria and one yeast like fungi. As a result of chemical analysis, the total flavonoid ratio of the propolis sample was found to be higher than the other compound groups. Pinostrobin chalcone, pinocembrin and chrysin were identified as major flavonoids. Also, all microorganisms tested were susceptible to the propolis extract except for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values were determined by microbroth dilution assay. MIC values against microorganisms ranged from 25 to 200 µg/mL. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that inhibitory effect our propolis sample was somewhat weaker than ampicillin, but it had a broader spectrum.

Chinese Propolis: Ultrasound‐assisted enhanced ethanolic extraction, volatile components analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activity comparison

“…Moreover, Bayram et al. (2017) worked on different samples from Chile and Spain on the same bacterial strains. It is evident from the present study that gram‐positive bacteria were more sensitive to Chinese propolis extract, as shown in Table 2 ( RHP : Listeria monocytogenes 21.58 ± 3.6 mm > Staphylococcus aureus 17.12 ± 0.91 mm > Bacillus subtilis 16.05 ± 0.54 mm > E.coli 0 YHP : Listeria monocytogenes 18.95 ± 0.16 mm > Staphylococcus aureus 18.27 ± 0.25 mm > Bacillus subtilis 15.07 ± 0.11 mm E.coli 0; LSP Listeria monocytogenes 16.77 ± 1.02 mm > Staphylococcus aureus 15.40 ± 0.54 mm > Bacillus subtilis 16.33 ± 1.03 mm > E.coli 0; CHP Listeria monocytogenes 17.70 ± 0.75 mm > Staphylococcus aureus 15.27 ± 0.16 mm > Bacillus subtilis 16.67 ± 0.65 mm > E. coli 0 ) , so Chinese propolis has very little or no effect on gram‐negative bacteria ( E. coli ).…”

“…These assays are mainly spectrophotometric, which include free radical scavenging (Pobiega et al., 2019), ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ahmed et al., 2017; Gülçin et al., 2010), and electrochemical methods (Rebiai et al, 2011). A lot of results have described the antimicrobial and antibacterial activity of propolis extracts, noting that phenolic compounds, terpenoids and nonaromatic acids are primarily responsible for the inhibiting microorganism growth (Bayram et al., 2017; Martinotti & Ranzato, 2015; Yuan et al., 2020).…”

Cycloartane-Type Triterpenes and Botanical Origin of Propolis of Stingless Indonesian Bee Tetragonula sapiens

“…It has been reported that propolis has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic [5], antiviral, anti-inflammatory [6,7], and anticancer [8] properties. A recent study also proved that propolis has antitoxic and antimutagenic activities [9].…”

A Study on Free-Radical Scavenging Activity, Individual Phenolic Compounds and Element Concentration of Propolis

“…Propolis is well known for its diverse and beneficial biological effects such as antibacterial (Bayram et al, 2017, Temiz et al 2011), antifungal (Silici et al 2005), anti-Inflammatory (Kolaylı et al 2016, and antioxidant (Temizer et al, 2017). It is also known to stimulate wound healing, reduce tumefaction and suppresses pain (Zilius et al 2016).…”