Charging for health care: Evidence on the utilisation of NHS prescribed drugs

Drug reimbursement and GPs’ prescribing decisions: a randomized case‐vignette study about the pharmacotherapy of obesity associated with type 2 diabetes: how GPs react to drug reimbursement

“…Our study findings – reimbursement was significantly associated with a nearly 50% increase in adoption of the new drug in this case‐vignette study – cannot be directly compared with this result because in France reimbursement also acts as a signal of medical utility , decided by a committee of experts at the National Authority for Health. Our findings nonetheless suggest that reimbursement of a drug is a lever that regulates the attitudes of not only patients but also physicians, as previously reported [9,22,23]. It probably sends a signal to physicians encouraging them to prescribe it, just as, inversely, copayment by patients discourages them from prescribing it [24].…”

Drug reimbursement and GPs’ prescribing decisions: a randomized case‐vignette study about the pharmacotherapy of obesity associated with type 2 diabetes: how GPs react to drug reimbursement

“…Our study findings – reimbursement was significantly associated with a nearly 50% increase in adoption of the new drug in this case‐vignette study – cannot be directly compared with this result because in France reimbursement also acts as a signal of medical utility , decided by a committee of experts at the National Authority for Health. Our findings nonetheless suggest that reimbursement of a drug is a lever that regulates the attitudes of not only patients but also physicians, as previously reported [9,22,23]. It probably sends a signal to physicians encouraging them to prescribe it, just as, inversely, copayment by patients discourages them from prescribing it [24].…”

Financial and family burden associated with cancer treatment in Ontario, Canada

“…Tamblyn et al [25], in examining the introduction of co-payments for prescription drugs in Quebec, noted that both for elderly and welfare recipients' reductions in the use of "essential" drugs occurred and were correlated with an increase in serious adverse events. Similar effects on utilization have been demonstrated in various countries, including the UK [21], the USA [14,22], and Australia [7]. In most cases, the impact of these co-payments affect access for some populations more than others, especially those of lower socioeconomic status [3,25] and the elderly [14,25].…”

In search of a corrected prescription drug Elasticity estimate: a meta‐regression approach

“…While Models 1-4 were corrected for Pessina (1997) À0.75 to À0.07 Carrin and Van Dael (1991) À0.34 to À0.09 Coulson and Stuart (1995) À0.18 a Gibson et al (2005) À0.05 to À0.04 Grootendorst and Levine (2001) À0.16 to 0.14 Grootendorst et al (1997) À0.13 to À0.09 Hughes and McGuire (1995) À0.37 Klick and Stratmann (2005) À0.56 Lavers (1989) À0.22 to À0.18 Liebowitz et al (1985) À0.10 a Soumerai et al (1987) À0.05 a McManus et al (1996) À0.80 to À0.50 Motheral and Henderson (1999) À0.32 b Nelson et al (1984) À0.06 a O' Brien (1989) À0.64 to À0.33 PuigÀJunoy (1988) À0.13 Ryan and Birch (1991) À0.11 to À0.09 Smith and Watson (1990) À0.58 c Smith (1993) À0. 10 Street et al (1999) À0.36 c to À0.16 c Van Vliet et al (1999) À0.02 Van Doorslaer (1984) À0.60 to À0.06 a Calculated by authors of this paper using the arc elasticity formula:…”

Drug reimbursement and GPs’ prescribing decisions: a randomized case‐vignette study about the pharmacotherapy of obesity associated with type 2 diabetes: how GPs react to drug reimbursement

“…Our study findings – reimbursement was significantly associated with a nearly 50% increase in adoption of the new drug in this case‐vignette study – cannot be directly compared with this result because in France reimbursement also acts as a signal of medical utility , decided by a committee of experts at the National Authority for Health. Our findings nonetheless suggest that reimbursement of a drug is a lever that regulates the attitudes of not only patients but also physicians, as previously reported [9,22,23]. It probably sends a signal to physicians encouraging them to prescribe it, just as, inversely, copayment by patients discourages them from prescribing it [24].…”

Financial and family burden associated with cancer treatment in Ontario, Canada

“…Tamblyn et al [25], in examining the introduction of co-payments for prescription drugs in Quebec, noted that both for elderly and welfare recipients' reductions in the use of "essential" drugs occurred and were correlated with an increase in serious adverse events. Similar effects on utilization have been demonstrated in various countries, including the UK [21], the USA [14,22], and Australia [7]. In most cases, the impact of these co-payments affect access for some populations more than others, especially those of lower socioeconomic status [3,25] and the elderly [14,25].…”

In search of a corrected prescription drug Elasticity estimate: a meta‐regression approach

“…While Models 1-4 were corrected for Pessina (1997) À0.75 to À0.07 Carrin and Van Dael (1991) À0.34 to À0.09 Coulson and Stuart (1995) À0.18 a Gibson et al (2005) À0.05 to À0.04 Grootendorst and Levine (2001) À0.16 to 0.14 Grootendorst et al (1997) À0.13 to À0.09 Hughes and McGuire (1995) À0.37 Klick and Stratmann (2005) À0.56 Lavers (1989) À0.22 to À0.18 Liebowitz et al (1985) À0.10 a Soumerai et al (1987) À0.05 a McManus et al (1996) À0.80 to À0.50 Motheral and Henderson (1999) À0.32 b Nelson et al (1984) À0.06 a O' Brien (1989) À0.64 to À0.33 PuigÀJunoy (1988) À0.13 Ryan and Birch (1991) À0.11 to À0.09 Smith and Watson (1990) À0.58 c Smith (1993) À0. 10 Street et al (1999) À0.36 c to À0.16 c Van Vliet et al (1999) À0.02 Van Doorslaer (1984) À0.60 to À0.06 a Calculated by authors of this paper using the arc elasticity formula:…”

Drug reimbursement and GPs’ prescribing decisions: a randomized case‐vignette study about the pharmacotherapy of obesity associated with type 2 diabetes: how GPs react to drug reimbursement

“…Our study findings – reimbursement was significantly associated with a nearly 50% increase in adoption of the new drug in this case‐vignette study – cannot be directly compared with this result because in France reimbursement also acts as a signal of medical utility , decided by a committee of experts at the National Authority for Health. Our findings nonetheless suggest that reimbursement of a drug is a lever that regulates the attitudes of not only patients but also physicians, as previously reported [9,22,23]. It probably sends a signal to physicians encouraging them to prescribe it, just as, inversely, copayment by patients discourages them from prescribing it [24].…”

Financial and family burden associated with cancer treatment in Ontario, Canada

“…Tamblyn et al [25], in examining the introduction of co-payments for prescription drugs in Quebec, noted that both for elderly and welfare recipients' reductions in the use of "essential" drugs occurred and were correlated with an increase in serious adverse events. Similar effects on utilization have been demonstrated in various countries, including the UK [21], the USA [14,22], and Australia [7]. In most cases, the impact of these co-payments affect access for some populations more than others, especially those of lower socioeconomic status [3,25] and the elderly [14,25].…”

In search of a corrected prescription drug Elasticity estimate: a meta‐regression approach

“…While Models 1-4 were corrected for Pessina (1997) À0.75 to À0.07 Carrin and Van Dael (1991) À0.34 to À0.09 Coulson and Stuart (1995) À0.18 a Gibson et al (2005) À0.05 to À0.04 Grootendorst and Levine (2001) À0.16 to 0.14 Grootendorst et al (1997) À0.13 to À0.09 Hughes and McGuire (1995) À0.37 Klick and Stratmann (2005) À0.56 Lavers (1989) À0.22 to À0.18 Liebowitz et al (1985) À0.10 a Soumerai et al (1987) À0.05 a McManus et al (1996) À0.80 to À0.50 Motheral and Henderson (1999) À0.32 b Nelson et al (1984) À0.06 a O' Brien (1989) À0.64 to À0.33 PuigÀJunoy (1988) À0.13 Ryan and Birch (1991) À0.11 to À0.09 Smith and Watson (1990) À0.58 c Smith (1993) À0. 10 Street et al (1999) À0.36 c to À0.16 c Van Vliet et al (1999) À0.02 Van Doorslaer (1984) À0.60 to À0.06 a Calculated by authors of this paper using the arc elasticity formula:…”