Charge-reversal nanomedicine based on black phosphorus for the development of A Novel photothermal therapy of oral cancer

Abstract

Driven by the lifestyle habits of modern people, such as excessive smoking, drinking, and chewing betel nut and other cancer-causing foods, the incidence of oral cancer has increased sharply and has a trend of becoming younger. Given the current mainstream treatment means of surgical resection will cause serious damage to many oral organs, so that patients lose the ability to chew, speak, and so on, it is urgent to develop new oral cancer treatment methods. Based on the strong killing effect of photothermal therapy on exposed superficial tumors, we developed a pH-responsive charge reversal nanomedicine system for oral cancer which is a kind of classic superficial tumor. With excellent photothermal properties of polydopamine (PDA) modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs) as basal material, then used polyacrylamide hydrochloride-dimethylmaleic acid (PAH-DMMA) charge reversal system for further surface modification, which can be negatively charged at blood circulation, and become a positive surface charge in the tumor site weakly acidic conditions due to the breaking of dimethylmaleic amide. Therefore, the uptake of oral cancer cells was enhanced and the therapeutic effect was improved. It can be proved that this nanomedicine has excellent photothermal properties and tumor enrichment ability, as well as a good killing effect on oral cancer cells through in vitro cytotoxicity test and in vivo photothermal test, which may become a very promising new model of oral cancer treatment.

Charge‐Reversible Nanoparticles: Advanced Delivery Systems for Therapy and Diagnosis

“…Having reached the acidic microenvironment of the tumor, these NPs reversed their surface charge to positive due to protonation of the imidazole groups causing improved cellular uptake. [47,48] Protonation of the anionic carboxylate groups switches the surface charge of poly(carboxybetaine) NPs from neutral to cationic since just the cationic groups retain their charge. [42] Breakage of acidlabile bonds on the surface of NPs can also lead to charge reversal of NPs.…”

Polyphenol-based hydrogels: Pyramid evolution from crosslinked structures to biomedical applications and the reverse design

“…In addition, it may also occur that the nitrogen atoms of a nucleophile amine compound attack the carbonyl carbon atoms and then dehydrate to form Schiff bases [ 25 , 74 , 75 ]. The conditions of the reactions are mild and easy to operate, so it has been widely used for further modification of polyphenols, such as surface modification of PDA-based nanomedicines [ [76] , [77] , [78] ]. Gradually, Michael addition/Schiff-base reactions began to be introduced into the crosslinking of polyphenol-based hydrogel system, which increased the strength of hydrogels and enabled the crosslinking of polyphenol with more kinds of molecules, greatly broadening the design ideas.…”

Frontiers in Preparations and Promising Applications of Mesoporous Polydopamine for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

“…Due to its low infectivity, low complication rate, spatiotemporal light-control properties, and quick recovery time, photothermal therapy is used as an alternative and complementary treatment to conventional cancer therapy, which may have more adverse effects and drug resistance. Strong absorption in the NIR band, minimal toxicity, and high biocompatibility are characteristics of a perfect photothermal agent [ 60 ]. However, transformation of absorbed light energy into heat when exposed to a NIR laser can raise local temperatures, harming cell membranes and denaturing proteins around cancer cells [ 61 ].…”