Charge carrier traps in organic semiconductors: a review on the underlying physics and impact on electronic devices

Haneef, Hamna F.; Zeidell, Andrew M.; Jurchescu, Oana D.

doi:10.1039/c9tc05695e

Cited by 435 publications

(487 citation statements)

References 277 publications

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“…Organicd yes have ah igh tendency to aggregate due to their flat structure and large polarizability.T he close dye-dye proximity give rise to strong interchromophore interactions resulting in new and often unwanted effects such as H-and J-aggregates, [1] excimers, [2] charget ransfer states, [3] andt raps for charges. [4] In materials chemistry,m olecules ability to aggregate plays ac rucial role and ac onsiderable effort has therefore been dedicated to engineering the morphology of organic thin films. [5] Self-assembly of chromophores is highly dependent on interactions between the single molecules, especially p-p interactions between the chromophorec ores p-unit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropic Mixing Allows Monomeric‐Like Absorption in Neat BODIPY Films

Schäfer

Mony

Olsson

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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Intermolecular interactions play ac rucial role in materials chemistry because they govern thin film morphology.T he photophysical properties of films of organic dyes are highly sensitive to the local environment, and a considerable effort hast herefore been dedicated to engineering the morphology of organic thin films. Solubilizing side chains can successfully spatially separate chromophores, reducing detrimental intermolecular interactions. However,t his strategy is also significantly decreasing achievable dye concentration. Here, five BODIPYd erivatives containing small alkyl chains in the a-position were synthesized and photophysically characterized. By blending two or more derivatives, the increase in entropy reduces aggregation and therefore produces films with extreme dye concentration and, at the same time almosts olution like absorption properties. Such af ilm was placed inside an optical cavity and the achieved system was demonstrated to reach the strong exciton-photon coupling regime by virtue of the achieved dye concentrationa nd sharp absorption features of the film.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropic Mixing Allows Monomeric‐Like Absorption in Neat BODIPY Films

Schäfer

Mony

Olsson

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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“…The subthreshold swing (SS) is often a reflection of the existence of a trap state, and R C at the interfacial region between the electrode and active layer or active layer and gate dielectrics. [ 56 ] When preparing all OFET devices in this study, alkyl self‐assembled monolayers (octadecyltrichlorosilane) were applied to minimize charge trapping on the gate dielectric surface, [ 57,58 ] and the polymer active layers were spin coated on the gate dielectrics, so the main interfacial region affecting the SS can likely originated from the R C due to the electrode‐active layer interface rather than the charge trap state at the active layer‐dielectric interface. Lower SS values are important for optimizing and further manipulating OFET performance in practical applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning Interfacial Properties by Spontaneously Generated Organic Interlayers in Top‐Contact‐Structured Organic Transistors

Choi

Seo

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Controlling the interfacial properties between the electrode and active layer in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) can significantly affect their contact properties, resulting in improvements in device performance. However, it is difficult to apply to top‐contact‐structured OFETs (one of the most useful device structures) because of serious damage to the organic active layer by exposing solvent. Here, a spontaneously controlled approach is explored for optimizing the interface between the top‐contacted source/drain electrode and the polymer active layer to improve the contact resistance (RC). To achieve this goal, a small amount of interface‐functionalizing species is blended with the p‐type polymer semiconductor and functionalized at the interface region at once through a thermal process. The RC values dramatically decrease after introduction of the interfacial functionalization to 15.9 kΩ cm, compared to the 113.4 kΩ cm for the pristine case. In addition, the average field‐effect mobilities of the OFET devices increase more than three times, to a maximum value of 0.25 cm2 V−1 s−1 compared to the pristine case (0.041 cm2 V−1 s−1), and the threshold voltages also converge to zero. This study overcomes all the shortcomings observed in the existing results related to controlling the interface of top‐contact OFETs by solving the discomfort of the interface optimization process.

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“…DOS analysis was performed following Grunewald's method and using the transfer characteristics of the devices obtained under different humidity levels (Figure S5, Supporting Information). [ 45 ] The DOS as a function of energy from the valence band edge are obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Area Uniform Polymer Transistor Arrays on Flexible Substrates: Towards High‐Throughput Sensor Fabrication

Zeidell

Filston

Waldrip

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Solution‐processable organic semiconductors can serve as the basis for new products including rollable displays, tattoo‐like smart bandages for real‐time health monitoring, and conformable electronics integrated into clothing or even implanted in the human body. For such exciting commercial applications to become a reality, good device performance and uniformity over large areas are necessary. The design of new materials has progressed at an astonishing pace, but accessing their intrinsic, efficient electrical properties in large‐area flexible device arrays is difficult. The development of protocols that allow integration with industrial‐scale processing for high‐throughput manufacturing, without the need to compromise on performance, is the key for transitioning these materials to real‐life applications. In this work, large‐area arrays of organic thin‐film transistors obtained by spray‐coating the high‐mobility polymer indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) are demonstrated. A maximum charge carrier mobility of 2.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, with a very narrow performance distribution, is obtained over surface areas of 10 cm × 10 cm. The devices retain their electrical properties when bent multiple times and at different curvatures. In addition, large arrays of highly sensitive (0.25% change in mobility for 1% humidity variation), reusable, near‐identical humidity sensors are produced in a one‐step fabrication and calibrated from 0% to 94% relative humidity.

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Charge carrier traps in organic semiconductors: a review on the underlying physics and impact on electronic devices

Abstract: The phenomenon of charge carrier traps in organic semiconductors and their impact on electronic devices are reviewed.

Cited by 435 publications

References 277 publications

Entropic Mixing Allows Monomeric‐Like Absorption in Neat BODIPY Films

Entropic Mixing Allows Monomeric‐Like Absorption in Neat BODIPY Films

Tuning Interfacial Properties by Spontaneously Generated Organic Interlayers in Top‐Contact‐Structured Organic Transistors

Large‐Area Uniform Polymer Transistor Arrays on Flexible Substrates: Towards High‐Throughput Sensor Fabrication

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