Characterizing the transplanar and in-plane water transport properties of fabrics under different sweat rate: Forced Flow Water Transport Tester

Tang, Ka-Po Maggie; Chau, Kam-Hong; Kan, Chi Wai; Fan, Jintu

doi:10.1038/srep17012

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Craig [11] found a decrease in apparent evaporative cooling efficiency with an increased clothing water content, but the extent of the decrease was not quantified. As liquid sweat transfers in two directions in clothing, i.e., the in-plane and transplanar transfer [12][13][14], later studies investigated the effect of perspired moisture distribution in clothing on the cooling efficiency. A thermal manikin study showed that when evaporation took place from the skin, the underwear and the outermost layer, the cooling efficiency was found to be 100%, 72% and 22%, respectively [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent evaporative cooling efficiency in clothing with continuous perspiration: A sweating manikin study

Guan

Annaheim

et al. 2019

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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Apparent evaporative cooling efficiency has typically been determined by applying a pre-wetted fabric "skin" on a dummy ("manikin") simulating human thermal physiology, to understand the effective cooling components of body perspiration in clothing systems. This procedure is only a very rough approximation of real life, as the pre-wetted fabric does not have the capacity to continuously push extra moisture into the clothing layers, which would happen with continuous sweating of the body. In this study, a sweating torso was used to mimic different sweating situations (100, 175 and 250 g/h) with twelve single-layer (SI) and multilayer (MU) clothing systems to understand the effect of continuous sweating and its interaction with clothing materials on cooling efficiency. Our experiments revealed that evaporative cooling efficiency is affected differently by continuous sweating when compared to pre-wetted fabric "skin" approaches. With continuous sweating, up to 15 % (24 W•m -2 ) cooling power came from the so-called "heat pipe effect" and/or wet conduction and 24 % (44 W•m -2 ) evaporative latent heat was gained from the environment. It was found that the increase of perspired moisture can affect evaporative cooling efficiency for hydrophilic materials in dual ways. For each 75g/h sweat rate increase, the in-plane moisture transfer can raise the evaporative cooling efficiency of SIs at least 3-12 % and the transplanar moisture transfer may reduce the evaporative cooling efficiency by at least 2-7 % and 2-9 % for SIs and MUs, respectively. For hydrophobic materials, the evaporative cooling efficiency was less affected by different levels of perspiration due to low wicking. Results also showed the negative correlation of evaporative cooling efficiency of hydrophilic materials with fabric evaporative resistance and thickness. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effective sweat cooling power and evaporative latent heat from environment for the clothed human body with continuous sweating. It also provides insight into the interaction between liquid and water vapor transport, and material design for optimizing the evaporative cooling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent evaporative cooling efficiency in clothing with continuous perspiration: A sweating manikin study

Guan

Annaheim

et al. 2019

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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“…It is determined from absolute amount of water in fabric, fabric thickness and sample area (144 cm 2 ). The amount of water per unit volume included the factor that of fabric thickness [ 22 , 23 ] or water content [ 26 ]. As specified in a previous section (§2.2), ‘stamping’ method was applied to demonstrate the roll off phenomenon of non-absorbed water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… a Method provided in [ 26 ]. In the current study, the result is expressed as water absorbed per unit area of fabric.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective wet perception assessment of fabrics with different drying time

Chau¹,

Tang²,

Kan³

2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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Wet perception involves a complex neurobiological mechanism and it is a crucial factor affecting the wear comfort in daily life. A subjective wet perception assessment was conducted against wetted fabrics. The assessment method was set to demonstrate the sensation felt by the wearer in recovery period after light activities, and assumes that there is no further sweat secretion. Twenty participants participated in the assessment. Participants were presented with fabrics dried with different duration for simulating garments dry during recovery period. A new fabric driver was built to simulate body movements during wear. The driver drove specimens and reference fabrics on participants' forearms. The two-arm configuration of the fabric driver helps to enhance the reliability of assessment results. The participants were asked to give wetness rating on each sample in ratio scale. We conclude that log10 of subjective wetness rating has linear relationship with drying time of fabric (DToF) and amount of water in fabric. A novel wetness factor (WF) is developed to quantify the effects of wet perception and exposure time induced by a drying fabric. WF is the area under curve of wetness rating against DToF. A smaller WF indicates that a user suffers less from wet sensation.

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“…It will help to reduce mechanical friction between clothing and human skin. 39 Wearing ease (distance between the human body and the garment surface) of the garment should be avoided to be given a small value, which will make the put on motion very difficult.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garment opening position evaluation using kinesiological analysis of dressing activities: case study of physically disabled people with scoliosis (PDPS)

Hong

Zeng

Bruniaux

et al. 2017

Textile Research Journal

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Garment opening is strongly related to the daily life quality of physically disabled people with scoliosis (PDPSs). This research proposes a kinesiological evaluation method to investigate the influence of garment opening positions in dressing activities of PDPSs. For this purpose, dressing activities are firstly deconstructed into several motions. The performance of different garment opening positions is represented by the performance of the wearer carrying out different motions in dressing activities. The proposed evaluation method is based on the Completion Level (CL), which includes both physical and psychological indicators: Motion Standard Time (MST), Motion Difficulty Degree (MDD) and Motion Independence Degree (MID). MST is a physical indicator regarding the standard time to complete a motion in the dressing activities. It reflects the physical autonomy of the wearer in the dressing activity. MDD and MID are psychological indicators, which are developed to evaluate the psychological independence and difficulty of dressing motions respectively. Subjective evaluation is used to obtain data regarding MDD and MID. Due to the fact that there is always vagueness and uncertainly in the subjective evaluation, fuzzy set theory is applied to the data process regarding MDD and MID. A case study is presented to explain the implications of the proposed method. The case study indicated that garment opening positions have an influence on the dressing activity. PDPS will benefit from a well-constructed garment, and a proper positioning of the opening, in terms of both physical and psychological aspects.

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Characterizing the transplanar and in-plane water transport properties of fabrics under different sweat rate: Forced Flow Water Transport Tester

Cited by 50 publications

References 29 publications

Apparent evaporative cooling efficiency in clothing with continuous perspiration: A sweating manikin study

Apparent evaporative cooling efficiency in clothing with continuous perspiration: A sweating manikin study

Subjective wet perception assessment of fabrics with different drying time

Garment opening position evaluation using kinesiological analysis of dressing activities: case study of physically disabled people with scoliosis (PDPS)

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