Characterizing the clinical and sociodemographic profiles of hospitalized adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing worldwide. Youngsters with ASD demonstrate higher rates of intellectual disabilities (IDs), comorbid psychopathology and psychiatric hospitalizations, compared to children in the general population. This study characterizes the demographics and clinical parameters of adolescent psychiatric inpatients with ASD compared to inpatients without ASD, all hospitalized during the study period. Additionally, within the ASD group, those with ID were compared to those without. The rate of males among participants with ASD was significantly higher than among those without ASD, and the duration of hospitalization was longer. In contrast, the rate of cigarette smoking, major depressive disorder and suicidal thoughts among those with ASD was lower. One-third of those with ASD had moderate to severe ID, about 10% had comorbid epilepsy, and about half of them demonstrated aggressive behavior. Most ASD patients showed significant improvement upon discharge, although the extent of improvement was more prominent among ASD patients with no ID. Our findings, consistent with previous research, indicate that hospitalization is beneficial to youths with ASD, both those with and those without ID. Further studies that include longterm follow-up are needed. Impact statementThis study investigates the complex interplay between psychiatric management and clinical outcomes in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By scrutinizing the demographics and clinical profiles of adolescents admitted to psychiatric units, the research underscores the pressing need for tailored interventions and specialized care for this vulnerable population. The findings of this study have significant implications for clinical practice, providing healthcare professionals with insights into managing ASD in psychiatric settings. The study highlights the pervasive nature of comorbidities, particularly intellectual disability (ID), and its impact on clinical presentations and treatment approaches. It also identifies risk factors for hospitalization, such as aggressive behaviors and mood disorders, which can guide early intervention strategies and preventive measures. Furthermore, the study underscores the efficacy of psychiatric hospitalization in effecting meaningful clinical improvements among adolescents with ASD, advocating for the provision of specialized care tailored to their unique needs. The observed reduction in aggressive behaviors and the overall enhancement in quality-of-life posthospitalization, underscore the pivotal role of specialized psychiatric units in addressing the complex needs of individuals with ASD. The study's comparison between ASD and non-ASD cohorts unveils disparities in clinical manifestations, challenging prevailing assumptions. Overall, this study sheds light on the common presentation of youths with ASD in inpatient psychiatric settings and supports advocating for holistic, person-centered care that acknowledges the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and addres...