Characterization of wound drainage fluids as a source of soluble factors associated with wound healing: comparison with platelet‐rich plasma and potential use in cell culture

Abstract

Wound fluids, human serum from platelet-poor and platelet-rich plasma (SPPP and SPRP), contain various soluble factors involved in cell growth and proliferation. Levels of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in drainage fluids (DFs) harvested from subcutaneous wounds, punctured fluids (PF) from seroma, and SPPP were measured. SPPP and SPRP from four healthy volunteers were also subjected to the analysis. Biochemical profiles of DF reflected the sequential stages of wound healing. Early-phase DF contained high concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor and EGF. The levels of keratinocyte growth factor, interleukin-6, and MMP-8 in DF peaked on days 2-3, while vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-8, and MMP-1 increased over time during days 0-6. Punctured fluids contained high levels of TGF-beta1, keratinocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and MMP-1. Experiments using human adipose-derived stem cells and dermal fibroblasts cultured in media containing various concentrations of DF and fetal bovine serum suggested that for some cell types, DF-contained growth factors that are not obtained from SPRP could be used to supplement or substitute for serum in culture media. SPRP and DF are economical ready-made mixtures of serum and autologous soluble factors, and may be differentially useful for regenerative therapies.

Adipose Injury–Associated Factors Mitigate Hypoxia in Ischemic Tissues through Activation of Adipose-Derived Stem/Progenitor/Stromal Cells and Induction of Angiogenesis

“…17,22,23 Recently, it was also demonstrated that EGF is released from apoptotic ECs and activates antiapoptotic response in mesenchymal stem cells. 24 AIC does not contain either VEGF or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which are considered to be major proangiogenic factors.…”

“…The final concentration of AIC was 2.5 ng/mL PDGF, 1 ng/mL TGF-␤, 10 ng/mL bFGF, and 2 ng/mL EGF (all from Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) mixed in an appropriate solution (EBM containing 0% or 2% FBS in vitro or PBS in vivo); the proportion of the four factors was determined in a previous study, 17 and the concentrations were determined based on a preliminary experiment. hASCs or HUVECs were plated in a six-well plate at 2 ϫ 10 4 cells per well in EBM containing 2% FBS with AIC or without AIC (control).…”

“…We previously showed that after surgical injury to human adipose tissue, different growth or inflammatory factors were secreted from the injured tissue in each wound-healing phase (coagulation, inflammation, and proliferation). 17 In the coagulation stage (within 1 day after wounding), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor-␤ (TGF-␤) were released, but all of them were detected in decreasing amounts in the following stages.…”

Human platelet‐rich plasma stimulates migration and chondrogenic differentiation of human subchondral progenitor cells

“…The alpha granules of platelets contain a variety of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. [24][25][26] In particular PDGF, IGF, and chemokines may account for the stimulatory effect of PRP on subchondral progenitor cell migration. Among other growth factors, PDGFbb, IGF-I, and IGF-II have been shown to recruit human mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from bone marrow.…”

Autoantibodies against matrix metalloproteinase-1 in patients with localized scleroderma

“…In addition, MMP-1 expression is induced in response to exogenous signals, such as various cytokines or growth factors, cell-matrix interactions, and cell-cell interactions [14,15]. Indeed, a recent study has shown that MMP-1 expression is induced during the process of wound healing [25]. Therefore, it may be possible that physical skin injury induces the local expression of (24) 18 (49) Normal ( …”