Characterization of Transplanted Green Fluorescent Protein+ Bone Marrow Cells into Adipose Tissue

Tomiyama, Koji; Murase, Noriko; Stolz, Donna B.; Toyokawa, Hideyoshi; O'Donnell, Daniel R.; Smith, Darren M.; Dudas, Jason R.; Rubin, J. Peter; Marra, Kacey G.

doi:10.1634/stemcells.2007-0567

Cited by 71 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Therefore, bone-marrow-derived adipocytes may account in part for the detrimental changes in adipose metabolism and inflammation with aging and obesity (Majka et al, 2010). However, the significance of these findings has been questioned by others given that several studies did not observe a significant contribution of bone-marrow-derived progenitors to adipogenesis (Berry and Rodeheffer, 2013;Koh et al, 2007;Tomiyama et al, 2008).…”

Section: Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Schoettl

Fischer

Ussar

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

169

139

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Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.

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Section: Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Schoettl

Fischer

Ussar

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

169

139

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“…Instead, the GFP+ cells in WAT express macrophage markers, such as CD11b and CD45 ( 236 ). An independent study also showed that the majority of BM-derived GFP+ cells in WAT are CD45+, and that ASCs isolated from these WAT depots and differentiated into adipocytes in vitro do not express GFP ( 237 ). These fi ndings suggest that the donor BM-derived, multilocular cells that engraft in WAT are not bona fi de adipocytes.…”

Section: Ascs and Preadipocytes In Health And Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Cawthorn

Scheller

MacDougald

2012

Journal of Lipid Research

366

323

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with ill health. Such stigmatization distracts from a fascinating aspect of WAT biology: its enormous plasticity as an organ. Indeed, WAT is capable of massive expansion and contraction in response to chronic alterations in energy balance, accounting for as little as 5% body mass in extremely lean athletes ( 1 ) or as much as 60% body mass in morbidly obese individuals ( 2 ). Moreover in rodents, rabbits, and humans, WAT can regenerate following lipectomy ( 3-6 ). This striking degree of plasticity is unique among organs in adults. On a cellular level, WAT expansion is driven by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes ( 7-13 ). Even in nonexpanding WAT, adipocytes renew frequently to compensate for adipocyte death, with approximately 10% of adipocytes renewed annually ( 14,15 ). These data, which indicate that committed adipocyte progenitors (preadipocytes) exist within WAT, are the product of decades of research motivated largely by our desire to understand adipose tissue in the context of obesity and related diseases. Preadipocytes exist in adipose tissueThough the notion of obesity as a disease has existed since at least the time of Hippocrates ( 16 ), investigation into the origins of the adipocyte and the individual contributions of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia to adipose bulk began in earnest only after the appearance of the stem cell concept, as related to blood cells, in the early 1900s ( 17 ). In the 1940s, histologic observations of the appearance of adipocytes in chambers implanted in the ears of live rabbits suggested that de novo fat formation was Abstract White adipose tissue (WAT) is perhaps the most plastic organ in the body, capable of regeneration following surgical removal and massive expansion or contraction in response to altered energy balance. Research conducted for over 70 years has investigated adipose tissue plasticity on a cellular level, spurred on by the increasing burden that obesity and associated diseases are placing on public health globally. This work has identifi ed committed preadipocytes in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue and led to our current understanding that adipogenesis is important not only for WAT expansion, but also for maintenance of adipocyte numbers under normal metabolic states. At the turn of the millenium, studies investigating preadipocyte differentiation collided with developments in stem cell research, leading to the discovery of multipotent stem cells within WAT. Such adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are capable of differentiating into numerous cell types of both mesodermal and nonmesodermal origin, leading to their extensive investigation from a therapeutic and tissue engineering perspective. However, the insights gained through studying ASCs have also contributed to more-recent progress in attempts to better characterize committed preadipocytes in adipose tissue. Thus, ASC research has gone back to its roots, thereby expanding our knowledge of preadipocyte commitment and adipose tissue biology. -Cawthorn, W. P., E. ...

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“…34 Thus, the highest infiltrations rates were observed in the gonadal WAT of female mice, occasionally reaching a maximum of »25%. In contrast, other studies have reported no significant contribution of BMDCs to either rat 35 or mouse 36 WAT, resulting in an uncertainty regarding over the role of BMDCs in murine adipogenesis.…”

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confidence: 86%

The contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the human adipocyte pool

Arner

2017

Adipocyte

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White adipose tissue is a remarkably expandable organ with results in the last decade showing that human white adipocytes are continuously turned over during the entire life-span. Data primarily in murine models have demonstrated that adipocytes are derived from precursors present mainly in the perivascular areas of adipose tissue but their precise origin remains unclear. Subsets of cells present in bone marrow display a multipotent differentiation capacity which has prompted the hypothesis that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) may also contribute to the adipocyte pool present in peripheral fat depots. This notion was initially demonstrated in a murine transplantation model, however, subsequent animal studies have been conflicting resulting in a debate of whether BMDCs actually differentiate into adipocytes or just fuse with resident fat cells. This controversy was recently resolved in 2 studies of human subjects undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Using a combination of different assays these data suggest that bone marrow contributes to at least 10% of the adipocyte pool. This proportion is doubled in obesity, suggesting that BMDCs may constitute a reserve pool for adipogenesis, particularly upon weight gain. This review discusses the possible mechanisms and relevance of these findings for human pathophysiology.

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Characterization of Transplanted Green Fluorescent Protein+ Bone Marrow Cells into Adipose Tissue

Cited by 71 publications

References 50 publications

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

The contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the human adipocyte pool

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