Characterization of the wood quality of pernambuco (Caesalpinia echinata Lam) by measurements of density, extractives content, microfibril angle, stiffness, color, and NIR spectroscopy

Abstract

A total of 30 Caesalpinia echinata (pernambuco) sticks were ranked based on their suitability for making high quality bows and were assigned to one of the three following categories: 0=very poor to poor, 1=good to very good, and 2=excellent. From the end of each stick a sample was cut for wood property and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic analysis. Wood properties measured included air-dry density, extractives content, microfibril angle, stiffness and wood color. NIR spectra were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and on the PC scores. Poor quality samples were discriminated from those of good to very good and excellent quality; however, samples from the two higher quality groups were mixed. Based on relationships observed between PC scores and wood properties, we suggest that, of the measured properties, density and stiffness were the most important in sample discrimination based on quality. Samples ranked in the excellent category had high average density (1119 kg m-3) and stiffness (25.2 GPa) and relatively low extractives content (21.2%) compared to samples in the very poor to poor category (density= 938 kg m-3, stiffness=18.9 GPa and extractives content=24.9%).

Hubungan Specific Gravity Kayudaun Terhadap Serat Dan Kualitas Pulp (The Relationship of Hardwood Specific Gravity to Fiber and Pulp Quality)

“…Menurut (Schimleck et al, 2009) Navarro (1976) Gambar 1. Hubungan Specific Gravity Kayu terhadap Morfologi Serat (♦: panjang serat, ■: tebal dinding) tinggi, akan menghasilkan lignin terlarut yang tinggi.…”

Influencia de la granulometria de la muestra en la discriminación de especies de Salix por infrarrojo cercano

“…La espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano puede ser una herramienta rápida y de bajo costo, ya que es un análisis no destructivo aplicados en las industrias, laboratorios y en las líneas de producción, para la caracterización de propiedades morfológicas, químicas, físicas y mecánicas de los materiales lignocelulósicos (Schimleck 2008, Schimleck et al 2009, Tsuchikawa y Schwanninger 2013.…”

Static model of a violin bow: Influence of camber and hair tension on mechanical behavior

“…In this study, however, we define the geometry of a "standard bow" from criteria found in the literature. Similarly, the Young's modulus E is fixed at 25 GPa, which is a typical value for pernambuco 15,28,29 . Measurements of a set of bows in professional use today would be needed to check whether this "standard bow" is representative of most bows available on the market.…”