Characterization of the First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Cyphonocerinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) with Implications for Phylogeny and Evolution of Fireflies

Abstract

Complete mitochondrial genomes are valuable resources for phylogenetics in insects. The Cyphonoceridae represents an important lineage of fireflies. However, no complete mitogenome is available until now. Here, the first complete mitochondrial genome from this subfamily was reported, with Cyphonocerus sanguineus klapperichi as a representative. The mitogenome of C. sanguineus klapperichi was conserved in the structure and comparable to that of others in size and A+T content. Nucleotide composition was A+T-biased, and all genes exhibited a positive AT-skew and negative GC-skew. Two types of tandem repeat sequence units were present in the control region (136 bp × 2; 171 bp × 2 + 9 bp). For reconstruction of Lampyridae’s phylogeny, three different datasets were analyzed by both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. As a result, the same topology was produced by both ML analysis of 13 protein-coding genes and 2rRNA and BI analysis of 37 genes. The results indicated that Lampyridae, Lampyrinae, Luciolinae (excluding Emeia) were monophyletic, but Ototretinae was paraphyletic, of which Stenocladius was recovered as the sister taxon to all others, while Drilaster was more closely related to Cyphonocerinae; Phturinae + Emeia were included in a monophyletic clade, which comprised sister groups with Lampyridae. Vesta was deeply rooted in the Luciolinae.

Mitochondrial genomes of Sternochetus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the phylogenetic implications

“…Among Sternochetus , the Ka / Ks ratios of the 13 PCGs were calculated and found to range from 0.030 to 0.174 (Figure 5), indicating that all PCGs are under purifying selection. Among them, cox1 has the lowest Ka / Ks ratio (0.030) (Figure 5), which is consistent with other insect groups, such as Pyrrhocoris (Hemiptera) (Q. L. Zhang et al, 2019), Eysarcoris (Hemiptera) (Li et al, 2021), Ostrinia (Lepidoptera) (Zhou et al, 2020), and Lampyridae (Coleoptera) (Ge et al, 2021).…”

“…has the lowest Ka/Ks ratio (0.030) (Figure 5), which is consistent with other insect groups, such as Pyrrhocoris (Hemiptera) (Q. L. Zhang et al, 2019), Eysarcoris (Hemiptera) (Li et al, 2021), Ostrinia (Lepidoptera) (Zhou et al, 2020), and Lampyridae (Coleoptera) (Ge et al, 2021).…”

Rhagophthalmidae Olivier, 1907 (Coleoptera, Elateroidea): described genera and species, current problems, and prospects for the bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetle lineage

“…]]; Oba (2015 : 99): bioluminescence; Amaral et al (2016 : 255): molecular phylogeny; Bocak et al (2016 : 2): molecular phylogeny; Kundrata et al (2016 : 293): molecular phylogeny; Lawrence (2016 : 17): classification; Wijekoon et al (2016 : 69): checklist [also as Rhagophthalminae ]; Amaral et al (2017a : 674): mitogenome, phylogeny; Kundrata et al (2017 : 153): molecular phylogeny; Martin et al (2017 : 564): phylogeny; Wang et al (2017 : 1): phylogeny; Yiu (2017 : 60): species descriptions, key; Bocak et al (2018 : 2): molecular phylogeny; Fallon et al (2018 : 2, 96): genomes, bioluminiscence; Kusy et al (2018a : 5): molecular phylogeny; Kusy et al (2018b : 2): molecular phylogeny; Tan (2018 : 127, 135): distribution, photographs; Zhang et al (2018 : 3): molecular phylogeny; Amaral et al (2019 : 283): molecular phylogeny [also as Rhagophtalmidae [sic! ]]; Chen et al (2019 : 4): molecular phylogeny; Jeng (2019 : 8): biofluorescence, biology; Kundrata et al (2019 : 1259): molecular phylogeny; Martin et al (2019 : 2): molecular phylogeny [also as Rhagophthalminae ]; McKenna et al (2019 : 4): molecular phylogeny; Liu et al (2020 : 46): luciferase, phylogeny [also as Rhagophthalminae ]; Rosa et al (2020 : 7): molecular phylogeny; Roza (2020 : 421): morphology, distribution; Zhang et al (2020 : 1): molecular phylogeny, bioluminescence; Douglas et al (2021 : 2): molecular phylogeny; Ge et al (2021 : 3): mitogenomic phylogeny; Kusy et al (2021 : 111): molecular phylogeny; Li et al (2021a : 5): remark; Li et al (2021b : 1): phylogeny, distribution, morphology; Seri and Rahman (2021 : 715): remark; Cai et al (2022 : 6): molecular phylogeny; Ge et al (2022 : 2): mitogenomic phylogeny; Powell et al (2022 : 1): molecular phylogeny, bioluminescence [also as Rhagophtalmidae [sic!]]. In addit...…”

“…]]; Hosoe et al (2014 : 331): chemical defence; Kundrata et al (2014 : 167): molecular phylogeny; Li et al (2015 : 269): catalogue; Martin et al (2015 : 519): molecular phylogeny; McKenna et al (2015 : 843): molecular phylogeny [also as Rhagopthalmus [sic! ]]; Oba (2015 : 99): bioluminescence; Amaral et al (2016 : 254): molecular phylogeny; Bocak et al (2016 : 3): molecular phylogeny; Kovalev and Kirejtshuk (2016 : 205): remark; Kundrata et al (2016 : 296): molecular phylogeny; Wijekoon et al (2016 : 71): checklist [also as Ochotyra ]; Amaral et al (2017a : 674): mitogenome, phylogeny; Amaral et al (2017b : 84): phylogeny; Amaral et al (2017c : 157): phylogeny; Martin et al (2017 : 568): molecular phylogeny; Wang et al (2017 : 2): molecular phylogeny, transcriptome; Yiu (2017 : 59): species description; Bocak et al (2018 : suppl): molecular phylogeny; Fallon et al (2018 : 8, 96): genomes, bioluminescence; Kusy et al (2018a : 5): molecular phylogeny; Kusy et al (2018b : 4): molecular phylogeny; Stanger-Hall et al (2018 : 8): remark; Yiu and Jeng (2018 : 72): remark; Zhang et al (2018 : 3): molecular phylogeny; Amaral et al (2019 : 284): molecular phylogeny; Chen et al (2019 : 8): molecular phylogeny; He et al (2019 : 566): molecular phylogeny; Jeng (2019 : 13): biofluorescence, biology; Kundrata et al (2019 : 1263): molecular phylogeny; Liu et al (2019 : 3183): mitogenomic phylogeny; Martin et al (2019 : 3): molecular phylogeny; Liu et al (2020 : 46): luciferase, phylogeny [also as Ochotyra ]; Zhang et al (2020 : 5): molecular phylogeny, bioluminescence; Ge et al (2021 : 3): mitogenomic phylogeny; Lawrence et al (2021 : 456): wing morphology; Li et al (2021b : 2): remark; Cai et al (2022 : 6): molecular phylogeny; Ge et al (2022 : 3): mitogenomic phylogeny; He et al (2022 ...…”

“…): molecular phylogeny; Kundrata et al (2016 : 296): molecular phylogeny; Amaral et al (2017a : 674): remark; Amaral et al (2017b : 84): phylogeny; Amaral et al (2017c : 157): phylogeny; Martin et al (2017 : 568): molecular phylogeny; Wang et al (2017 : 6): molecular phylogeny; Bocak et al (2018 : suppl. ): molecular phylogeny; Fallon et al (2018 : 8): genomes, bioluminescence; Stanger-Hall et al (2018 : 8): remark; Chen et al (2019 : 8): molecular phylogeny; He et al (2019 : 566): molecular phylogeny; Kundrata et al (2019 : 1263): molecular phylogeny; Liu et al (2019 : 3183): mitogenomic phylogeny; Martin et al (2019 : 3): molecular phylogeny; Liu et al (2020 : 47): luciferase, phylogeny; Zhang et al (2020 : 5): molecular phylogeny, bioluminescence; Ge et al (2021 : 3): mitogenomic phylogeny; Ge et al (2022 : 3): mitogenomic phylogeny; He et al (2022 : 4): mitogenomic phylogeny; Moreira et al (2022 : 7): luciferase, molecular phylogeny. In addition to the aforementioned literature, this species was included in PhD theses by Ho (2002) and Jeng (2008) .…”