Characterization of the Catalytic Structure of Plant Phytase, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-Like Phytase, and Histidine Acid Phytases and Their Biotechnological Applications

Abstract

Phytase plays a prominent role in monogastric animal nutrition due to its ability to improve phytic acid digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, releasing phosphorus and other micronutrients that are important for animal development. Moreover, phytase decreases the amounts of phytic acid and phosphate excreted in feces. Bioinformatics approaches can contribute to the understanding of the catalytic structure of phytase. Analysis of the catalytic structure can reveal enzymatic stability and the polarization and hydrophobicity of amino acids. One important aspect of this type of analysis is the estimation of the number of β-sheets and α-helices in the enzymatic structure. Fermentative processes or genetic engineering methods are employed for phytase production in transgenic plants or microorganisms. To this end, phytase genes are inserted in transgenic crops to improve the bioavailability of phosphorus. This promising technology aims to improve agricultural efficiency and productivity. Thus, the aim of this review is to present the characterization of the catalytic structure of plant and microbial phytases, phytase genes used in transgenic plants and microorganisms, and their biotechnological applications in animal nutrition, which do not impact negatively on environmental degradation.

Soluble organic nutrients induce ClaPhys expression to enhance phytase activity of watermelon roots

“…Phytase is responsible for the mineralisation of phytate to produce bioavailable P i . Six P atoms are produced from the complete enzymatic hydrolysis of InsPs (Cangussu et al, 2018). Phytase enzymes are secreted by plant roots and microbes in the rhizosphere (Pagliari & Laboski, 2012; Sanangelantoni, Malatrasi, Trivelloni, Visioli, & Agrimonti, 2018; Velloso et al, 2020), contributing to P uptake potential and playing a vital role in regulating P nutrition (Ye et al, 2014).…”

Evaluation of locally available feed resources for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Rwanda

“…Cereals and legumes are still rich in minerals, although the bioavailability of these is hindered by the presence of anti-nutritional factors such as phytate, trypsin inhibitor and polyphenols (Ram et al, 2020). In wheat and rice, starch is distributed in larger proportions in the external cover of the pericarp and in the aleurone layer (Cheryan & Rackis, 1980), and this constitutes wheat middlings portion (Cangussu et al, 2018). The availability of wheat fractions could increase the flexibility of feed formulation for aquaculture, principally for aquaculture areas proximal to grain fractionation facilities (Gatlin et al, 2007).…”

Isolation of phytate-degrading microorganisms with inorganic phosphate solubilizing activity (biofertilizers) for plant growth enhancement

“…As a result, various researchers have been focusing on their usage as biofertilizers or control agents for agriculture improvement for several years. [4][5][6][7]. Bacterial inoculants have been used to increase plant yields and commercial products are now available [8].…”