Characterization of tannery effluent wastewater by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis to investigate their role in water pollution

Abstract

Protecting the water resources will be a formidable challenge in the study area, which requires modernization of tannery industry, thereby improving the recovery and recycling of TW. Moreover, PIXE analysis presented here as a successful tool, could serve as landmark for the contemporary research in environmental toxicology.

Unveiling Distribution, Hydrogeochemical Behavior and Environmental Risk of Chromium in Tannery Wastewater

“…The tannery 1 and tannery 13 samples showed the lowest Cr concentrations (2.8 and 4.0 mg L −1 ) in summer and winter seasons, respectively (Table 1). These data concur with previous studies where researchers investigated the Cr concentration in wastewater collected from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan [39][40][41]. Parveen, Ashfaq, Ali, Qadri and Zeb [42] reported that the Cr concentration in tannery wastewater ranged from 15 to 186 mg L −1 in the Karachi district of Sindh, Pakistan.…”

Unveiling Distribution, Hydrogeochemical Behavior and Environmental Risk of Chromium in Tannery Wastewater

“…The tannery 1 and tannery 13 samples showed the lowest Cr concentrations (2.8 and 4.0 mg L −1 ) in summer and winter seasons, respectively (Table 1). These data concur with previous studies where researchers investigated the Cr concentration in wastewater collected from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan [39][40][41]. Parveen, Ashfaq, Ali, Qadri and Zeb [42] reported that the Cr concentration in tannery wastewater ranged from 15 to 186 mg L −1 in the Karachi district of Sindh, Pakistan.…”

Occurrence of Textile Dyes and Metals in Tunisian Textile Dyeing Effluent: Effects on Oxidative Stress Status and Histological Changes in Balb/c Mice

“…Metal analysis by ICP-MS showed that the tested TDE exhibited a very high level of Cr, which exceeded the wastewater emission limits prescribed by Tunisian authority. As and Sr were found to be in elevated levels beyond the wastewater emission limits suggested by WHO [3,18]. The occurrence of different concentrations of metals has been well documented in TDE [3,19,20].…”

“…Strontium was found to be the most abundant metal followed by manganese whereas Ag and Cd were not detected in the TDE. As and Sr were found to be in higher amounts than the wastewater emission limits suggested by the Word Health Organization (WHO) [3,18]. Out of the 10 textile dyes that were analyzed in the TDE through the Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technique, only the crystal violet and the disperse yellow 3 were detected with concentrations of 0.015 µg/L and 2.22 µg/L, respectively (Table 2).…”

Pharmaceutical wastewater being composite mixture of environmental pollutants may be associated with mutagenicity and genotoxicity

“…Lahore has Bhot semi-arid^climate which made it extremely hot in the months of May, June, and July (40-47°C). Late June was the starting of monsoon season with an average rain fall of 735 mm (Shakir et al 2012).…”

Unveiling Distribution, Hydrogeochemical Behavior and Environmental Risk of Chromium in Tannery Wastewater

“…The tannery 1 and tannery 13 samples showed the lowest Cr concentrations (2.8 and 4.0 mg L −1 ) in summer and winter seasons, respectively (Table 1). These data concur with previous studies where researchers investigated the Cr concentration in wastewater collected from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan [39][40][41]. Parveen, Ashfaq, Ali, Qadri and Zeb [42] reported that the Cr concentration in tannery wastewater ranged from 15 to 186 mg L −1 in the Karachi district of Sindh, Pakistan.…”

Occurrence of Textile Dyes and Metals in Tunisian Textile Dyeing Effluent: Effects on Oxidative Stress Status and Histological Changes in Balb/c Mice

“…Metal analysis by ICP-MS showed that the tested TDE exhibited a very high level of Cr, which exceeded the wastewater emission limits prescribed by Tunisian authority. As and Sr were found to be in elevated levels beyond the wastewater emission limits suggested by WHO [3,18]. The occurrence of different concentrations of metals has been well documented in TDE [3,19,20].…”

“…Strontium was found to be the most abundant metal followed by manganese whereas Ag and Cd were not detected in the TDE. As and Sr were found to be in higher amounts than the wastewater emission limits suggested by the Word Health Organization (WHO) [3,18]. Out of the 10 textile dyes that were analyzed in the TDE through the Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technique, only the crystal violet and the disperse yellow 3 were detected with concentrations of 0.015 µg/L and 2.22 µg/L, respectively (Table 2).…”

Pharmaceutical wastewater being composite mixture of environmental pollutants may be associated with mutagenicity and genotoxicity

“…Lahore has Bhot semi-arid^climate which made it extremely hot in the months of May, June, and July (40-47°C). Late June was the starting of monsoon season with an average rain fall of 735 mm (Shakir et al 2012).…”

Unveiling Distribution, Hydrogeochemical Behavior and Environmental Risk of Chromium in Tannery Wastewater

“…The tannery 1 and tannery 13 samples showed the lowest Cr concentrations (2.8 and 4.0 mg L −1 ) in summer and winter seasons, respectively (Table 1). These data concur with previous studies where researchers investigated the Cr concentration in wastewater collected from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan [39][40][41]. Parveen, Ashfaq, Ali, Qadri and Zeb [42] reported that the Cr concentration in tannery wastewater ranged from 15 to 186 mg L −1 in the Karachi district of Sindh, Pakistan.…”

Occurrence of Textile Dyes and Metals in Tunisian Textile Dyeing Effluent: Effects on Oxidative Stress Status and Histological Changes in Balb/c Mice

“…Metal analysis by ICP-MS showed that the tested TDE exhibited a very high level of Cr, which exceeded the wastewater emission limits prescribed by Tunisian authority. As and Sr were found to be in elevated levels beyond the wastewater emission limits suggested by WHO [3,18]. The occurrence of different concentrations of metals has been well documented in TDE [3,19,20].…”

“…Strontium was found to be the most abundant metal followed by manganese whereas Ag and Cd were not detected in the TDE. As and Sr were found to be in higher amounts than the wastewater emission limits suggested by the Word Health Organization (WHO) [3,18]. Out of the 10 textile dyes that were analyzed in the TDE through the Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technique, only the crystal violet and the disperse yellow 3 were detected with concentrations of 0.015 µg/L and 2.22 µg/L, respectively (Table 2).…”

Pharmaceutical wastewater being composite mixture of environmental pollutants may be associated with mutagenicity and genotoxicity

“…Lahore has Bhot semi-arid^climate which made it extremely hot in the months of May, June, and July (40-47°C). Late June was the starting of monsoon season with an average rain fall of 735 mm (Shakir et al 2012).…”