Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Retail Chicken Carcasses and Pet Workers in Northwest Arkansas

Hanning, Irene; Gilmore, David F.; Pendleton, Sean; Fleck, Scott; Clement, A.; Park, Si Hong; Scott, Erin E.; Ricke, Steven C.

doi:10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-251

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, although the cuts may be similar in name, comparisons between the individual items are not made in this study in order to avoid error between the samples. Prevalence of S. aureus on retail pork products from other studies has ranged from 12% to 59.7% (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Results from this study are similar to those in the other published reports, since S. aureus was found on 45% of pork products in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Previous studies in the United States to detect the presence of MRSA in retail pork and beef have focused primarily on products popular with the consumer (i.e., ground pork and beef, pork chops) (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). In the southern United States, other cuts of pork and beef are regularly available in grocery stores in the area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The route of contamination of retail meat is thought to occur during slaughtering of MRSA-positive animals, in which the animal carcasses and the surrounding environment could serve as contamination points (13). In the United States, regional studies of retail meat for the presence of MRSA have found very few samples containing MRSA, and only one MRSA ST398 isolate was identified (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Recently, a study of conventional and retail pork products found higher prevalence levels; almost 27% of the samples were contaminated with an ST398-associated MRSA type (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Retail Meat and Humans in Georgia

2013

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There is increasing interest in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, specifically methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), on retail meat products. In this study, staphylococci were isolated from retail pork and retail beef in Georgia, and MRSA from the products was compared to human MRSA from the same geographic area using broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, SCCmec typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). S. aureus was isolated from 45% (45/100) of pork products and 63% (63/100) of beef products; mecA was detected in S. aureus from both pork (3/100; 3%) and beef (4/100; 4%). Fifty percent (50/100) of human S. aureus also contained mecA. Multidrug resistance was detected among MRSA from all sources. All MRSA (n ‫؍‬ 57) was SCCmec type IV, and nine different spa types were present among the isolates (t002, t008, t012, t024, t179, t337, t548, t681, and t1062). Four sequence types (ST5, ST8, ST9, and ST30) were detected using MLST; the majority of MRSA isolates belonged to ST8, followed by ST5. One retail beef MRSA isolate belonged to ST8, while the remaining three were ST5. In retail pork MRSA, ST5, ST9, and ST30 were observed. The majority of human MRSA isolates belonged to ST8. Thirty-seven MRSA isolates, one of which was a retail beef MRSA isolate, were pvl ؉ . Using PFGE, MLST, and spa typing, three retail beef MRSA isolates were found to be identical in PFGE pattern, ST, and spa type to two human clonal MRSA isolates (USA100 and USA300). One additional retail beef MRSA isolate had a PFGE pattern similar to that of a human MRSA isolate, whereas none of the retail pork MRSA isolates had PFGE patterns similar to those of human MRSA isolates. These data suggest that the retail beef samples were contaminated by a human source, possibly during processing of the meat, and may present a source of MRSA for consumers and others who handle raw meat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Retail Meat and Humans in Georgia

2013

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“…From this reservoir, resistant strains or resistance genes might spread to humans, via the food chain. Data reports have indicated that food-producing animal species, raw poultry and other meat products harbor antimicrobial-resistant, Gram-positive bacteria (2,(12)(13)(14). However, only a few studies have determined the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and presence of resistance genes, among staphylococci isolated from poultry (6,14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the moment, 11 SCCmec types have been reported and are used for the typing of MRSA strains (11). It is suggested that extensive and, often, indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents, in animal husbandry, might constitute a risk factor in creating an animal reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (2,12). From this reservoir, resistant strains or resistance genes might spread to humans, via the food chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Poultry in Iran

Rahimi

Karimi

2015

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Staphylococci are some of the most common causes of infections in birds. Worldwide, the dramatic increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is receiving widespread attention, due to multi-resistant strains, diminishing the usefulness of antibiotics in human medicine and, thereby limiting therapeutic options. Objectives: In this study, we characterized the distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, isolated from lying hen farms in Karaj, Iran. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns and the staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types were also determined. Materials and Methods: Over a period of 90 days (collected at days: 0, 45, 90) during 2013, nine samplings, consisting of swab samples and litter collection, were done from three poultry farms (three each) and a total of 55 MRSA isolates were isolated from chromogenic MRSA selective agar. The clonality of MRSA strains was determined using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the diversity in the structure of SCCmec elements and also different ccr types was studied. Susceptibility to seventeen antibiotics was determined, using disc diffusion method, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendation. Results: Out of the 55 MRSA strains, all isolates were at least resistant to penicillin, 58% showed resistance to erythromycin and 55% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. On the other hand, all isolates showed susceptibility to vancomycin, quinuprostin-dalfopristin, linezolid, fusidic acid, nitrofurantoin and minocycline. The results of PFGE showed diverse pulsotypes, consisting of 13 common types and 18 single types, with seven common PFGE types, which were found among the MRSA strains, isolated from different farms, suggestive of an epidemiological link. Moreover, 67% of MRSA isolates shared SCCmec type III and showed type 3 ccr, indicating the hospital origin of the strains. Conclusions:The results of this study illustrated the persistence of resistant bacteria in the environment, and highlight the reservoir of resistance, associated with use of antibiotics, as feed additive in poultry production.

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Human health risks associated with antimicrobial-resistant enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus on poultry meat

Bortolaia

Espinosa-Gongora

Guardabassi

2016

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Enterococci and staphylococci are frequent contaminants on poultry meat. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are also well-known aetiological agents of a wide variety of infections resulting in major healthcare costs. This review provides an overview of the human health risks associated with the occurrence of these opportunistic human pathogens on poultry meat with particular focus on the risk of food-borne transmission of antimicrobial resistance. In the absence of conclusive evidence of transmission, this risk was inferred using data from scientific articles and national reports on prevalence, bacterial load, antimicrobial resistance and clonal distribution of these three species on poultry meat. The risks associated with ingestion of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci of poultry origin comprise horizontal transfer of resistance genes and transmission of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis lineages such as sequence type ST16. Enterococcus faecium lineages occurring in poultry meat products are distantly related to those causing hospital-acquired infections but may act as donors of quinupristin/dalfopristin resistance and other resistance determinants of clinical interest to the human gut microbiota. Ingestion of poultry meat contaminated with S. aureus may lead to food poisoning. However, antimicrobial resistance in the toxin-producing strains does not have clinical implications because food poisoning is not managed by antimicrobial therapy. Recently methicillin-resistant S. aureus of livestock origin has been reported on poultry meat. In theory handling or ingestion of contaminated meat is a potential risk factor for colonization by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, this risk is presently regarded as negligible by public health authorities.

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Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Retail Chicken Carcasses and Pet Workers in Northwest Arkansas

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence and Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Retail Meat and Humans in Georgia

Prevalence and Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Retail Meat and Humans in Georgia

Characteristics of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Poultry in Iran

Human health risks associated with antimicrobial-resistant enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus on poultry meat

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