Characterization of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium Clusters in the Human Axillary Region

Callewaert, Chris; Kerckhof, Frederiek‐Maarten; Granitsiotis, Michael S.; Gele, Mireille Van; Wiele, Tom Van de; Boon, Nico

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070538

Cited by 76 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Amplification products were analyzed by electrophoresis in 1.5% (wt/vol) agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. DGGE was performed as previously reported (6). A control measurement was taken into account.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A control measurement was taken into account. To process and compare the different gels, a homemade marker of different PCR fragments was loaded onto each gel (6). Normalization and analysis of DGGE gel patterns was done with the BioNumerics software 5.10 (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very dry areas, such as the forearm, trunk, and legs, harbor only 10 2 bacteria per cm 2 , while the axillae, umbilicus, and toe web spaces contain up to 10 7 bacteria per cm 2 (4). The human skin contains up to 19 different phyla (5) and even in one niche, the axillae, up to 9 different phyla are present (6). Skin microorganisms transfer to the clothing fibers and interact with these in several phases: adherence, growth, and damage to the fibers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Microbial Odor Profile of Polyester and Cotton Clothes after a Fitness Session

Callewaert

Maeseneire

Kerckhof

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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112

101

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cClothing textiles protect our human body against external factors. These textiles are not sterile and can harbor high bacterial counts as sweat and bacteria are transmitted from the skin. We investigated the microbial growth and odor development in cotton and synthetic clothing fabrics. T-shirts were collected from 26 healthy individuals after an intensive bicycle spinning session and incubated for 28 h before analysis. A trained odor panel determined significant differences between polyester versus cotton fabrics for the hedonic value, the intensity, and five qualitative odor characteristics. The polyester T-shirts smelled significantly less pleasant and more intense, compared to the cotton T-shirts. A dissimilar bacterial growth was found in cotton versus synthetic clothing textiles. Micrococci were isolated in almost all synthetic shirts and were detected almost solely on synthetic shirts by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting. A selective enrichment of micrococci in an in vitro growth experiment confirmed the presence of these species on polyester. Staphylococci were abundant on both cotton and synthetic fabrics. Corynebacteria were not enriched on any textile type. This research found that the composition of clothing fibers promotes differential growth of textile microbes and, as such, determines possible malodor generation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial Odor Profile of Polyester and Cotton Clothes after a Fitness Session

Callewaert

Maeseneire

Kerckhof

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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112

101

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“…This unexpected finding may be related to the documented influence of gender on skin microbiome. 16 Surely, more studies will be required to shed light on these findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Heavy Stethoscope Contamination Following a Physical Examination

Tschopp

Schneider

Longtin

et al. 2016

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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BACKGROUND The degree of bacterial contamination of stethoscopes can vary significantly following a physical examination. OBJECTIVE To conduct a prospective study to investigate the impact of various environmental and patient characteristics on stethoscope contamination. METHODS Following a standardized examination, the levels of bacterial contamination of 4 regions of the physicians' hands and 2 sections of the stethoscopes, and the presence of different pathogenic bacteria, were assessed. Predictors of heavy stethoscope contamination were identified through multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 392 surfaces were sampled following examination of 56 patients. The microorganisms most frequently recovered from hands and stethoscopes were Enterococcus spp. (29% and 20%, respectively) and Enterobacteriaceae (16% and 7%, respectively). Staphylococcus aureus (either methicillin susceptible or resistant), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and Acinetobacter baumannii were recovered from 4%-9% of the samples from either hands or stethoscopes. There was a correlation between the likelihood of recovering these pathogens from the stethoscopes vs from the physicians' hands (ρ=0.79; P=.04). The level of patient's skin contamination was an independent predictor of contamination of the stethoscope diaphragm (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.001; P=.007) and tube (aOR, 1.001; P=.003). Male sex (aOR, 28.24; P=.01) and reception of a bed bath (aOR, 7.52; P=.048) were also independently associated with heavy tube contamination. CONCLUSIONS Stethoscope contamination following a single physical examination is not negligible and is associated with the level of contamination of the patient's skin. Prevention of pathogen dissemination is needed. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:673-679

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“…as dominant species, whereas in males Corynebacterium spp. are mainly present [16]. Between individuals, a high diversity of the axillary microbiome is common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective axillary malodour reduction by polyquaternium‐16‐containing deodorants

Traupe

Fölster

Max

et al. 2016

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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OBJECTIVE: Worldwide, individuals apply deodorants to combat malodour formation originating from the axillary vault. Considering the globally increasing demand for efficacious, safe deodorants, we investigated the antimicrobial effectiveness of a polymeric quaternary ammonium compound (PQ-16) as a new active in a roll-on formulation against microbial growth and axillary malodour. METHODS:We utilized an in vivo microbiological assessment to determine antimicrobial effects of the PQ-16-containing deodorant formulation (DEO1) (i) in comparison with a commercially available deodorant roll-on claiming a 24-h protection against body odour (DEO2) and (ii) in comparison with a roll-on containing the same formulation as DEO1 but comprising aluminium chlorohydrate instead of PQ-16 (DEO3) 1, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after treatment. Also, the axillary malodour intensity 24 and 48 h after application of deodorants was investigated in a controlled in vivo study performed by a trained sniffer panel using direct sniffing. RESULTS: Treatment with DEO1 in comparison with application of DEO2 significantly reduced the log 10 bacterial count at all points in time. After 24 and 48 h, sniffers rated malodour production in the DEO1-treated axillae significantly lower than in the DEO2-treated armpits. Application of DEO1 in comparison with DEO3 decreased the log 10 bacterial count after 1, 4, 8 and 24 h (significant for 4 and 8 h). After 48 h, the log 10 bacterial count showed similar values for both DEO1 and DEO3. The sniffer panel reported no significant differences between axillary malodour in DEO1-treated compared to DEO3-treated armpits after 24 and 48 h. CONCLUSION: We identified polyquaternium-16 (PQ-16, copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) as a highly effective deodorant active. Results showed that a newly developed PQ-16-containing deodorant roll-on formulation (i) significantly reduced axillary malodour 24 and 48 h after treatment, (ii) significantly decreased the amount of axillary bacteria, (iii) compared to a commercially available deodorant claiming a 24-h odour protection significantly lowered axillary malodour 24 h and 48 h after application, and (iv) was well tolerated by the study population. PQ-16 represents an innovative and skin-friendly deodorant active.Resume OBJECTIF: Dans le monde entier, les individus appliquent les desodorisants pour lutter contre la formation de mauvaises odeurs provenant de la voûte axillaire. Compte tenu de la demande croissante a l'echelle mondiale pour des desodorisants efficaces et sûrs, nous avons etudie l'efficacite antimicrobienne d'un compose ammonium quaternaire polymere (PQ-16) en tant que nouvel actif dans une formulation roll-on contre la croissance microbienne et la mauvaise odeur axillaire. METHODES: Nous avons utilise une evaluation microbiologique in vivo pour determiner les effets antimicrobiens de la formulation deodorante contenant PQ-16 (DEO1) i) par rapport a un deodorant roll-on disponible dans le commerce reclamant une protec...

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Characterization of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium Clusters in the Human Axillary Region

Cited by 76 publications

References 30 publications

Microbial Odor Profile of Polyester and Cotton Clothes after a Fitness Session

Microbial Odor Profile of Polyester and Cotton Clothes after a Fitness Session

Predictors of Heavy Stethoscope Contamination Following a Physical Examination

Effective axillary malodour reduction by polyquaternium‐16‐containing deodorants

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