Characterization of Sarocladium oryzae and its reduction potential of rice leaf blast

Abstract

The integrated management of rice leaf blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) is carried out mainly with the adoption of chemical control. However, the search for alternative practices has grown in recent years. Thus, the variability of 28 Sarocladium oryzae isolates was evaluated for the cerulenin production, as well as its potential for reducing the severity of rice leaf blast, quantifying the activity of enzymes linked to the plant defense mechanisms. More than 55 % of the S. oryzae isolates were antagonistic to the pathogens M. oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Monographella albescens, and 60 % of the isolates produced cerulenin at detectable levels. Both BRM 6461 (296.0 µg mL-1) and BRM 6493 (undetectable cerulenin) inhibited the formation of M. oryzae appressoria in 89.5 % and 85 %, respectively. The BRM 6461 isolate, applied as conidial suspension and filtered, reduced the severity of rice leaf blast in 68.8 % and 75.5 %, respectively. The enzymatic activity in the presence of M. oryzae was higher for lipoxygenase at 5 h (filtered) and at 24 h and 72 h (conidial suspension) after the pathogen inoculation. For phenylalanine ammonia lyase, the highest expression was at 5 h (filtered) and 72 h (conidial suspension). The enzymes chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase and the salicylic acid phytohormone presented no differences, in relation to the controls (water and M. oryzae). The filtered from the BRM 6461 isolate, basically constituted by cerulenin, reduced the severity of rice leaf blast and possibly activated the defense mechanisms of the rice plants against M. oryzae.

Microbiome and fermentation parameters in the rumen of dairy buffalo in response to ingestion associated with a diet supplemented with cysteamine and hemp seed oil

“…Interestingly, some members belonging to Engyodontium have been reported to have protease capability (Chellappan et al, 2011), indicating a potential role in degrading protein in the rumen. Similarly, Sarocladium is a known phytopathogen specialized in secretion of enzymes that degrade the cell wall and other hard plant cellular components (Guimarães et al, 2017; Hou et al, 2019). We speculate that the establishment of enhanced rumen degradation efficiency may be supported by the presence of HSO.…”

“…Similarly, Sarocladium is a known phytopathogen specialized in secretion of enzymes that degrade the cell wall and other hard plant cellular components (Guimarães et al, 2017;Hou et al, 2019). We speculate that the establishment of enhanced rumen degradation efficiency may be supported by the presence of HSO.…”

Analyzing Ash Leaf-Colonizing Fungal Communities for Their Biological Control of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus

“…Similarly, the postharvest infestation of different fruits with common pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, and Penicillium expansum were shown to be reduced effectively by P. flavescens and P. laurentii strains (Qin and Tian, 2004;Zhang et al, 2007;Kheireddine et al, 2018). Various Sarocladium strains are discussed as potential antagonists due to the formation of antifungal substances such as antibiotics and hydrolytic enzymes (Wicklow et al, 2005;Guimarães et al, 2017). In addition, S. strictum has been shown to have disease-reducing effects through mycoparasitism, e.g., on Botrytis cinerea and Helminthosporium solani (Rivera et al, 2007;Choi et al, 2008).…”

Microbial Patterns in Rumen Are Associated with Gain of Weight in Beef Cattle

“…This curious association may be explained by the production of phenol oxidases, enzymes that increase the absorption of carbon and nitrogen besides acting in lignin degradation, carbon mineralization and dissolved organic carbon exportation [51]. Sarocladium, is a known phytopathogen specialized in secretion of enzymes that degrade the cell wall and other hard plant cellular components [52][53][54]. Additionally, Sarocladium is an endophytic of Poaceae species, the main family in the native Pampa grasslands [55].…”