“…Ferroelectric thin films are very promising for use in electronic devices such as capacitors, 1,2) memories, 3) sensors, 4) and actuators [5][6][7][8] because of their excellent electrical properties. In addition, it is well known that the change in the electrical properties of ferroelectric thin films depend on many factors, such as microstructure, 9) crystal orientation, 10) crystal size, 11,12) and residual stress.…”