Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Calamus tenuis (Jati Bet) cane as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites

Biodegradable Composite Materials based on Cassava Starch and Reinforced with Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) Aerial Part Fiber

“…Comparable values were reported by Kar and Saikia [31] for Calamus tenuis cane fibers, with (37.4 ± 1.4)% cellulose, (31 ± 1)% hemicellulose, and (28.4 ± 0.8)% lignin. Cellulose is one of the major structural components that increases the mechanical strength, stability, and toughness of natural fibers [31], which is beneficial to the reinforcement of the composite material; in the case of topinambur fiber, it was the main structural component. The hemicellulose content of topinambur fiber was lower compared to Calamus tenuis cane fiber, high values can disintegrate the microfibrils cellulose, resulting in lower fiber strength [31].…”

“…A weak band is observed at 1502 cm −1 , which could be attributed to the C=C vibration of aromatic rings in the lignin structure, also found in the fiber of Calamus tenuis (Jati Bet) cane described by Kar and Saikia [31]. The three weak bands at 1422, 1322, and 1240 cm −1 , were associated with CH2 bending in cellulose, C-O-C bending in hemicellulose, and C-O stretching of acetyl groups in lignin [5,31]. The main intense band with shoulders at 1031 cm −1 corresponds to the vibration of pyranose rings and -CO-C glycosidic linkages between glucose from the cellulose structure [36].…”

“…The main intense band with shoulders at 1031 cm −1 corresponds to the vibration of pyranose rings and -CO-C glycosidic linkages between glucose from the cellulose structure [36]. A band observed in 607 cm −1 may be associated with the bending of C-OH [31]. As expected, the FTIR spectrum of topinambur fiber shows hydroxyl groups that can interact with the hydroxyl groups of the starch matrix by forming hydrogen bonds, providing interfacial adhesion, and improving film properties.…”

“…Cellulose is one of the major structural components that increases the mechanical strength, stability, and toughness of natural fibers [31], which is beneficial to the reinforcement of the composite material; in the case of topinambur fiber, it was the main structural component. The hemicellulose content of topinambur fiber was lower compared to Calamus tenuis cane fiber, high values can disintegrate the microfibrils cellulose, resulting in lower fiber strength [31]. Lignin acts against microbial attack and provides greater stiffness, but the mechanical properties are lower than those provided by cellulose [32].…”

“…The bands at 2915 and 2853 cm −1 , were attributed to C-H stretching vibrations of C-H and CH2, respectively, associated with cellulose and hemicellulose. The band at 1738 cm −1 is associated with the vibration of the C=O in the ester group of hemicellulose or the ester bonds within the carboxylic groups in lignin [31], which removes dipole from the carbonyl and therefore its intensity is low. The band at 1600 cm −1 has been associated with the bending of O-H in adsorbed water and also with polyphenols also reported in yerba mate by Ramirez Tapias, Monte, Peltzer and Salvay [36].…”