Characterization of medium and heavy crude oils using thermal analysis techniques

Kök, Mustafa Verşan

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.12.027

Cited by 101 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It demonstrates that not only one mathematical method could be used to calculate activation energy once they are properly selected, though value varies little between different methods. And this has been broadly demonstrated in previous studies for thermal events of oil shale, olive residue and plastics [18,[22][23][24][25][57][58][59]. Activation energy is an obstacle that must be overcome before a chemical reaction is generated and higher value of activation energy means more difficult of a reaction occurs.…”

Section: Kinetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 83%

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Thermochemical treatment of olive mill solid waste and olive mill wastewater

Guida

Bouaik

Tabal

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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In olive-oil-producing countries, large amounts of waste material are generated as by-product for which there is no ready use and in some cases may have a negative value because of the cost of disposal. Most of these countries depend on fossil fuels for their energy uses, and olive mill wastes can be used to supplement such energy sources using thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis. However, efficient operation of thermochemical conversion systems requires a thorough understanding of the influence of the composition and thermal properties of these byproducts on their behaviour during the conversion process. In this study, the thermal behaviour of two olive mill wastes samples (olive mill solid waste: OMSW, and concentrated olive mill wastewater: COMWW) was examined at different heating rates ranging from 5 to 50°C min -1 in inert atmosphere using the technique of thermogravimetric analysis. As the increment of heating rates, the variations of characteristic parameters from the TG-DTG curves were determined. The initial temperature of degradation is higher in OMSW, which present a high amount of cellulose in comparison with COMWW. Three methods were used for the determination of kinetic reaction parameters: Friedman, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Vyazovkin methods. The results showed that apparent activation energy obtained for the decomposition of hemicelluloses and cellulose derived from OMSW was given as 150-176 and 210.5-235.7 kJ mol -1 , while for COMWW, the values were 133-145 and 255-275 kJ mol -1 , respectively.

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Section: Kinetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The dependence of apparent activation energy (E x ) on the degree of conversion (x) (E a -x curve) for decomposition process of hemicelluloses and cellulose (OMSW and COMWW) obtained by isoconversional methods is presented in Figs. 4 [57][58][59].…”

Section: Kinetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical treatment of olive mill solid waste and olive mill wastewater

Guida

Bouaik

Tabal

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…46 The LTO region is followed by homogenous (gas phase) reactions in the FD region to form the fuel compounds for the HTO region. The reactions in the third region appear to be in the mode of hydrocarbon/char reactions 9,46 . Similar trends of the activation energies were obtained in 9, 46 with slightly higher values, which is most likely due to the higher asphaltenes content in the current sample.…”

Section: Ft-icr Massmentioning

confidence: 98%

TG/DTG, FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry, and NMR Spectroscopy Study of Heavy Fuel Oil

Elbaz

Gani²,

Hourani³

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

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ABSTRACT:There is an increasing interest in comprehensive study of heavy fuel oil (HFO) due to its growing use in furnaces, boilers, marines, and recently in gas turbines. In this work, the thermal combustion characteristics and chemical composition of HFO were investigated using a range of techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to study the non-isothermal HFO combustion behavior. Chemical characterization of HFO was accomplished using various standard methods in addition to direct infusion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (APCI-FTICR MS), high resolution 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, and two dimensional hetero-nuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectroscopy. By analyzing thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) results, three different reaction regions were identified in the combustion of HFO with air, specifically, low temperature oxidation region (LTO), fuel deposition (FD) and high temperature oxidation (HTO) region. At the high end of the LTO region, a mass transfer resistance (skin effect) was evident. Kinetic analysis in LTO and HT|O regions was conducted using two different kinetic models to calculate the apparent activation energy. In both models, HTO activation energies are higher than those for LTO. The FT-ICR MS technique resolved thousands of aromatic and sulfur containing compounds in the HFO sample and provided compositional details for individual molecules of three major class species. The major classes of compounds included species with one sulfur atom (S 1 ), with two sulfur atoms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 (S 2 ), and purely hydrocarbons (HC). The DBE (double bond equivalent) abundance plots established for S 1 and HC provided additional information on their distributions in the HFO sample. The 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR results revealed that nearly 59% of the 1 H nuclei were distributed as paraffinic CH 2 and 5% were in aromatic groups. Nearly 21% of 13 C nuclei were distributed in aromatic groups indicating that most paraffinic CH 2 groups are attached to aromatic rings. A negligible amount of olefins was present and an appreciable quantity of monoaromatic and poly-aromatic content were observed. Molecular connectivity between the hydrogen and carbon atoms using HMBC spectra was utilized to propose several plausible skeletal structures in HFO.

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“…Adegbesan et al in four different models for LTO kinetics found the highest activation energy equal to 4.877 kJ/mol. Kok reported activation energies for low temperature oxidation of medium and heavy oil samples equal to 2.4 and 6.96 kJ/mol, respectively [18,23]. The results showed that the higher the LTO temperature, the greater the loss of carbon and hydrogen percentages and the higher the oxygen content in the residues.…”

Section: Thermogravimetry Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%