Characterization of ETL 9357FLA photomultiplier tubes for cryogenic temperature applications

Ankowski, Artur M.; Antonello, M.; Aprili, P.; Arneodo, F.; Badertscher, A.; Baiboussinov, B.; Ceolin, M. Baldo; Battistoni, G.; Benetti, P.; Bischofberger, M.; Tigliole, A. Borio di; Brunetti, R.; Bucciarelli, G.; Bueno, A.; Calligarich, E.; Carbonara, F.; Carmona, M.; Cavanna, F.; Cennini, P.; Centro, S.; Cesana, A.; Cline, D.; Cieślik, K.; Cocco, A. G.; Dai, Z.; Vecchi, C. De; Dąbrowska, A.; Cicco, Alessandro Di; Dolfini, R.; Ereditato, A.; Ferella, A. D.; Ferrari, A.; Fiorillo, G.; García-Gámez, D.; Ge, Yuanyuan; Gibin, D.; Berzolari, A. Gigli; Gil-Botella, I.; Graczyk, Krzysztof M.; Grandi, L.; Guglielmi, A.; Holeczek, J.; Juszczak, Cezary; Kiełczewska, D.; Kisiel, J.; Kozłowski, T.; Łaffranchi, M.; Łagoda, J.; Lisowski, B.; Lozano, J.; Markiewicz, Marcin; Ossa, A. Martínez de la; Matthey, C.; Mauri, F.; Melgarejo, A J; Menegolli, A.; Meng, G.; Messina, M.; Montanari, C.; Muraro, S.; Navas, S.; Nowak, J.; Otwinowski, S.; Palamara, O.; Periale, L.; Mortari, G. Piano; Piazzoli, A.; Picchi, P.; Pietropaolo, F.; Półchłopek, W.; Prata, M.C.; Przewłocki, P.; Rappoldi, A.; Raselli, G.L.; Rondio, E.; Rossella, M.; Rubbia, A.; Rubbia, C.; Sala, P.; Santorelli, R.; Scannicchio, D. A.; Segreto, E.; Seo, Youngkyun; Sergiampietri, F.; Sobczyk, J. T.; Stach, Sebastian; Steṕaniak, J.; Sulej, R.; Szeptycka, M.; Szarska, M.; Szelc, A. M.; Terrani, M.; Varanini, F.; Ventura, S.; Vignoli, C.; Wang, H.; Yang, Xinzheng; Zalewska, A.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.108

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…An 8-inch model (ETEL 9357FLA) with platinum underlay as above was successfully used to detect liquid argon scintillation [233]. With a TPB wavelength shifter on the PMT glass window, a quantum efficiency of ∼20% for liquid argon scintillation light has been reported; a batch of 54 such tubes has been tested with visible light at 77 K in [245]. No dramatic changes were detected for most PMTs.…”

Section: Photomultiplier Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics

2013

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We review the current status of liquid noble gas radiation detectors with energy threshold in the keV range, which are of interest for direct dark matter searches, measurement of coherent neutrino scattering and other low energy particle physics experiments. Emphasis is given to the operation principles and the most important instrumentation aspects of these detectors, principally of those operated in the double-phase mode. Recent technological advances and relevant developments in photon detection and charge readout are discussed in the context of their applicability to those experiments.

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Section: Photomultiplier Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics

2013

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“…In dedicated tests at cryogenic temperature ( [18]) only a reduction of the transit time JHEP11(2012)049 jitter was observed at 77 K (1.3 ns) with respect to room temperature (2.5 ns). Being the PMT transit time a purely geometrical and electrostatic effect, the laboratory measurement allowed determining the transit time of all the PMT installed in the T600, given the applied biasing voltage.…”

Section: Calibration Of the Icarus Pmt Signal Propagationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Precision measurement of the neutrino velocity with the ICARUS detector in the CNGS beam

Antonello¹,

Baibussinov²,

Benetti³

et al. 2012

J. High Energ. Phys.

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During May 2012, the CERN-CNGS neutrino beam has been operated for two weeks for a total of ∼ 1.8 × 10 17 p.o.t., with the proton beam made of bunches, few ns wide and separated by 100 ns. This beam structure allows a very accurate time of flight measurement of neutrinos from CERN to LNGS on an event-by-event basis.Both the ICARUS-T600 PMT-DAQ and the CERN-LNGS timing synchronization have been substantially improved for this campaign, taking advantage of additional independent GPS receivers, both at CERN and LNGS as well as of the deployment of the "White Rabbit" protocol both at CERN and LNGS.The ICARUS-T600 detector has collected 25 beam-associated events; the corresponding time of flight has been accurately evaluated, using all different time synchronization paths.The measured neutrino time of flight is compatible with the arrival of all events with speed equivalent to the one of light: the difference between the expected value based on the speed of light and the measured value is δt = tof c −tof ν = 0.10±0.67 stat. ±2.39 syst. ns. This result is in agreement with the value previously reported by the ICARUS Collaboration, δt = 0.3 ± 4.9 stat. ± 9.0 syst. ns, but with improved statistical and systematic accuracy.

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“…In order to determine the absolute position of the track along the drift coordinate, the electron arrival time to the wire chambers is compared with the prompt scintillation light in LAr recorded by the ICARUS photo-multiplier system installed behind the TPC wires [7].…”

Section: The Icarus-t600 Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Muon momentum measurement in ICARUS-T600 LAr-TPC via multiple scattering in few-GeV range

et al. 2017

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The measurement of muon momentum by Multiple Coulomb Scattering is a crucial ingredient to the reconstruction of ν µ CC events in the ICARUS-T600 liquid argon TPC in absence of magnetic field, as in the search for sterile neutrinos at Fermilab where ICARUS will be exposed to ~1 GeV Booster neutrino beam. A sample of ~1000 stopping muons produced by charged current interactions of CNGS ν µ in the surrounding rock at the INFN Gran Sasso underground Laboratory provides an ideal benchmark in the few-GeV range since their momentum can be directly and independently obtained by the calorimetric measurement. Stopping muon momentum in the 0.5-4.5 GeV/c range has been reconstructed via Multiple Coulomb Scattering with resolution ranging from 10 to 25 % depending on muon energy, track length and uniformity of the electric field in the drift volume.

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Characterization of ETL 9357FLA photomultiplier tubes for cryogenic temperature applications

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics

Precision measurement of the neutrino velocity with the ICARUS detector in the CNGS beam

Muon momentum measurement in ICARUS-T600 LAr-TPC via multiple scattering in few-GeV range

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