Characterization of Dickeya fangzhongdai causing bacterial soft rot disease on Dendrobium nobile in India

Unravelling the aetiology of Dickeya zeae using polyphasic approaches for bacterial stalk rot in maize

“…The 16S rRNA gene showed 99.78%-99.93% homology with D. zeae in BLAST analysis and, in phylogenetic tree, placed the isolates in the same cluster as the DZ-E4-2 (KJ438951) strain of D. zeae reported byMartinez-Cisneros et al (2014). Several researchers have also successfully employed the 16S rRNA gene to identify Dickeya at species level(Balamurugan et al, 2020;Guan et al, 2019;Martinez-Cisneros et al, 2014).Phylogenetic analyses based on a single gene are not generally recommended for species identification because the effects of gene duplication or loss, horizontal gene transfer and recombination can interfere with the accurate reconstruction of an organism's evolutionary history(Marrero et al, 2013) Tan et al (2022). stated that the 16S rRNA gene sequence is insufficient to assign the taxonomy of the bacterium and they used a joint phylogenetic tree based on MLSA to characterize the D. zeae strains WH1, EC1 and EC2 isolated from rice, which grouped them into a clade differentiated from other D. zeae strains.…”

“…(2014). Several researchers have also successfully employed the 16S rRNA gene to identify Dickeya at species level (Balamurugan et al., 2020; Guan et al., 2019; Martinez‐Cisneros et al., 2014).…”

Retrospective survey of Dickeya fangzhongdai using a novel validated real-time PCR assay

“…Repeated reports of D. fangzhongdai outbreaks in Asia indicate that the pathogen is posing a threat to cultivation of various crops, ornamental plants and trees ( Tian et al, 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; Jaffar et al, 2019 ; Shen et al, 2019 ; Tsai et al, 2019 ; Balamurugan et al, 2020 ; Choi et al, 2021 ; Huang et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). There have been no reports of D. fangzhongdai outbreaks or infections of plants in the open environment in Europe, however due to lack of specific testing for D. fangzhongdai species, isolates can be overlooked or assigned to Dickeya spp.…”

“…However, based on the outbreak reports, it has a more significant impact on agriculture in Asia. While data on losses is limited, several authors report outbreaks on various economically important plants such as orchids ( Shen et al, 2019 ; Balamurugan et al, 2020 ; Wei et al, 2021 ; Chi et al, 2022 ), banana ( Yang et al, 2022 ), onion ( Tsai et al, 2019 ; Wei et al, 2021 ), jack fruit ( Jaffar et al, 2019 ), Asian pear ( Tian et al, 2016 ; Choi et al, 2021 ), and even staple food crops such as taro ( Dobhal et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2021 ; Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat et al, 2022 ). Based on the reports, it can be surmised that D. fangzhongdai is well established in Asia.…”

“…Multiple D. fangzhongdai outbreaks ( Tian et al, 2016 ; Jaffar et al, 2019 ; Shen et al, 2019 ; Tsai et al, 2019 ; Balamurugan et al, 2020 ; Ma et al, 2020 ; Choi et al, 2021 ; Zhou et al, 2021 ; Chi et al, 2022 ; Yang et al, 2022 ) in recent years suggest that the pathogen is present and spreading in Asia and also other continents. It was indicated before that trade plays can promote the spread of the Dickeya disease ( Toth et al, 2011 ).…”