Characterization of commercial samples of gum arabic

Abstract

Six commercial gum arabic samples and authenticated samples of gum from Acacia Senegal and Acacia seyal have been characterized using a range of chemical and physicochemical techniques including determination of specific rotation, sugar composition, nitrogen and amino acid content, and molecular mass distribution. Although some of the gums have slightly different chemical and physicochemical characteristics, gel permeation chromatography shows that each consists of essentially three molecular mass fractions classified as an arabinogalactan, an arabinogalactan-protein complex, and a glycoprotein.The proportions of each varied for the individual samples. The gums were tested using a specifically developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which can identify gum from A. Senegal and chemically related species. Their interaction with the antibody could be correlated with differences observed in their molecular compositions. Such evidence will assist in their chemotaxonomic classification.

Facile green synthesis of gold nanoparticles with gum arabic as a stabilizing agent and reducing agent

“…Due to its well steric stabilization effect as adsorbing on the surfaces of colloids and its numerous functional groups such as carboxylate and amine groups, it has been widely used as emulsifiers and capping agents [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In addition, it is also known that GA consists of mainly three distinctive fractions which are referred as arabinogalactan (AG, 88.4% of the total) with a low protein content (0.44% w/ w), arabinogalactan-protein (AGP, 10.4% of the total) with a high protein content of 9.18% w/w, and glycoprotein (GP, about 1% of the total) with a protein content of 50% w/w [23][24]. Since the amino acids which are commonly considered as the reducing agents [25][26][27] are present in AGP and AG fractions, we synthesized Au nanoparticles by the reduction of Au(III) ions with GA as both the reducing agent and stabilizing agent in the absence of other additives.…”

Green Synthesis: Nanoparticles and Nanofibres Based on Tree Gums for Environmental Applications

“…It is suggested that the high-molecular-weight fraction of the gum consists of large carbohydrate blocks with a molecular mass of approximately 2.5 · 10 5 Da attached individually to a polypeptide chain. GA is obtained from the stems and branches of Acacia Senegal and Acacia seyal, and being a branched polysaccharide, it exhibits unique structural, physical and chemical properties [84][85][86][87]. Consequently, it is widely used in food and pharmaceutical applications [88][89][90].…”

Gum Arabic: More Than an Edible Emulsifier

“…Instead, Acacia seyal gum contains a lower proportion of nitrogen, and specific rotations are also completely different. The determination of the latter parameters may clearly spot the difference between the two species (Osman et al, 1993). Osman et al, 1993 andPhillips, et al, 2000.…”

“…The determination of the latter parameters may clearly spot the difference between the two species (Osman et al, 1993). Osman et al, 1993 andPhillips, et al, 2000. Despite having different protein content, amino acid composition is similar in both gums.…”