Characterization of bound water in skin hydrators prepared with and without a 3D3P interpenetrating polymer network

Majewski, George; Rodan, Katie; Fields, Kathy; Falla, Timothy J.

doi:10.1111/srt.12624

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This band shifts to lower frequencies in the spectra of diabetic mice D20 and D30 suggesting the These results were confirmed upon the comparison of dielectric constant of the skin. It is known that hyaluronic acid is considered as the gold standard molecule to improve skin hydration [16]. The intense band at 3292 cm -1 is assigned to stretching vibration of vNH groups of proteins and shows that the protein formulation is in the form Amide A [15].…”

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of UV Irradiation on Diabetic Mice Skin: A Vibrational FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopic Study

Anastassopoulou¹,

Kyriakidou²,

Mamareli³

et al. 2019

Chromatogr Spectrosc Tech

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UV irradiation on streptozotocin-induced diabetic skin. 42 hairless male mice were divided into three groups of control non-diabetic and with dose of streptozotocin 20 and 30 mg/kg. Both FT-IR and Raman spectra showed considerable changes between the diabetic and non-diabetic mice, as well as after irradiation. The most important changes between healthy and diabetic groups were observed in the reduction of vOH intensity absorption bands (4000-3600 cm -1 ), resulting from dehydration of the skin and hyaluronic acid degradation. The increase of the absorption bands of symmetric and antisymmetric methylene groups in the spectral region 3000-2850 cm -1 is related to the increased lipophilic environment of diabetic mice skin. The intensity of these bands increases further upon irradiation. The characteristic "marker band" for the oxidative stress at 1744 cm -1 , due to malondialdehyde formation, increases upon irradiation and it is higher in diabetic tissues. The absorption bands of amide I at 1650 cm -1 and amide II at 1550 cm -1 shift to higher and lower frequencies, respectively, concerning the production of amyloid like proteins, in agreement with the increase of the lipophilic environment. These shifts are more pronounced in infrared spectra. The band at 1171 cm -1 , assigned to C-O-C vibration, increases upon diabetes and skin cancer development. It is important to notice that the mice who received 30 mg/kg streptozotocin showed high resistance to UV irradiation. It seems that streptozotocin inhibits the free radicals, which are produced by UV radiation, to interact with important biological molecules. The protective role of streptozotocin on diabetic mice skin from UV irradiation are unclear. The above observations were in agreement with clinical and literature data.

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Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of UV Irradiation on Diabetic Mice Skin: A Vibrational FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopic Study

Anastassopoulou¹,

Kyriakidou²,

Mamareli³

et al. 2019

Chromatogr Spectrosc Tech

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“…In our case, the lowest concentration assessed was 100 mg/mL for all HAs molecular weights (60, 100, 500 and 1000 kDa). One can argue that concentrations below 50 mg/mL are outside of the MMC zone, but considering the very high water-binding capacity of HA (up to 6 L per g [ 37 , 38 ]), it may be actually possible to act as an MMC agent even at such low concentrations. One cannot also exclude that cell-specific biological events may be at play, considering that, through growth factor interaction and involvement in signalling cascades, sulphated polysaccharides have been shown to enhance the chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of stem cells [ 15 , 49 , 78 ], whilst non-sulphated polysaccharides have been shown to enhance the adipogenic potential of stem cells [ 101 , 102 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the quest for the ideal MMC agent, hyaluronic acid (HA) was recently utilised in human neonatal fibroblast cultures [ 36 ]. Although this proof of principle study demonstrated the potential of 1500 kDa HA to act as an MMC agent, the optimal HA molecular weight and concentration were not identified and the physicochemical properties (e.g., charge, hydrodynamic radius, polydispersity) were not assessed, which are of significant importance, considering that the effectiveness of HA as an MMC/volume exclusion agent lays on its capacity to bind and retain water molecules (up to 6 L per g) [ 37 , 38 ] in a size-, shape-, concentration- and viscosity-dependent manner [ 39 ]. Herein, we ventured to comprehensively assess the physicochemical properties of different concentrations of different molecular weight HAs in equine adipose-derived stem cell (eADSC) cultures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic Acid as Macromolecular Crowder in Equine Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Cultures

Korntner

Skoufos

Tzora

et al. 2021

Cells

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The use of macromolecular crowding in the development of extracellular matrix-rich cell-assembled tissue equivalents is continuously gaining pace in regenerative engineering. Despite the significant advancements in the field, the optimal macromolecular crowder still remains elusive. Herein, the physicochemical properties of different concentrations of different molecular weights hyaluronic acid (HA) and their influence on equine adipose-derived stem cell cultures were assessed. Within the different concentrations and molecular weight HAs, the 10 mg/mL 100 kDa and 500 kDa HAs exhibited the highest negative charge and hydrodynamic radius, and the 10 mg/mL 100 kDa HA exhibited the lowest polydispersity index and the highest % fraction volume occupancy. Although HA had the potential to act as a macromolecular crowding agent, it did not outperform carrageenan and Ficoll®, the most widely used macromolecular crowding molecules, in enhanced and accelerated collagen I, collagen III and collagen IV deposition.

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“…The IPN has been shown to restore and sustain hydration content by attracting and binding water molecules more efficiently than traditional cosmetic‐grade forms of HA. Skin that is deeply hydrated by the IPN facilitates the penetration of other actives deeper into the skin and prevents from evaporation leading to an additional moisturization effect . It is also believed that the IPN distributes the delivered actives evenly across the skin surface to enhance light reflection and perceived visual appearance of the skin…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perceptible improvements in skin hydration on the arms and legs were immediate and long‐lasting (eg, dryness, roughness, and smoothness). Benefits related to moisturization (eg, crepiness, texture, and overall appearance) required a longer period to manifest due to an accrual of a more robust lipid layer in the stratum corneum preventing from water evaporation …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel interpenetrating polymer network provides significant and long‐lasting improvements in hydration to the skin from different body areas

Falla¹,

Rodan

Fields

et al. 2019

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background: Hydration and moisturization both impact skin quality, directly reflecting its appearance. Signs and onset of dehydration-related skin aging are region-specific and require tailored treatment to be effective. Aims:To test the hydrating effects of formulas containing a novel 3-dimensional 3polymer interpenetrating network (3D3P-IPN) to deliver humectants and actives to specific body sites. Methods:Two clinical studies were conducted focused on the skin under eyes and body (arms/legs). Healthy women ages 25-65 (eyes) or 35-65 (body) with mild to moderate dry and aged skin were enrolled. Study product containing the 3D3P-IPN and tailored actives was applied twice daily for 8 weeks on the periorbital area and for 4 weeks on the body. Changes in skin attributes were measured by biophysical instrumentation for hydration, dark circles, skin color, elasticity and transepidermal water loss, and by clinical grading and subject self-assessment.Results: Significant improvements in hydration and skin smoothing were demonstrated in both studies. In the periorbital region, actives and humectants delivered by the 3D3P-IPN also led to significant improvements in dark circles, fine lines/crow's feet, puffiness, restoring radiance, and overall younger-looking appearance. On the arms and legs, there were significant reductions in crepiness and dullness. The arms and legs also had improvements in tactile and visual skin texture, radiance, and general healthy look. Improvements were immediate and persisted through the end of both studies. Conclusion:The 3D3P-IPN provides immediate and long-lasting improvements in skin hydration and overall healthy appearance regardless of the targeted application site. K E Y W O R D Sinterpenetrating polymer network, skin hydration, TIVI, under-eye circles This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n-NonCo mmercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Characterization of bound water in skin hydrators prepared with and without a 3D3P interpenetrating polymer network

Abstract: Through the synthesis of a 3D3P-IPN using simplified methods, we were able to increase the water-binding and HA-delivery capabilities of a thin serum. This 3D3P-IPN serum has potential to deliver more hydration to the skin's surface compared to traditional HA formulations.

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

The Influence of UV Irradiation on Diabetic Mice Skin: A Vibrational FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopic Study

The Influence of UV Irradiation on Diabetic Mice Skin: A Vibrational FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopic Study

Hyaluronic Acid as Macromolecular Crowder in Equine Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Cultures

Novel interpenetrating polymer network provides significant and long‐lasting improvements in hydration to the skin from different body areas

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