Characterization of antibody response in asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is causing high morbidity and mortality burden worldwide with unprecedented strain on health care systems. To investigate the time course of the antibody response in relation to the outcome we performed a study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. As comparison we also investigated the time course of the antibody response in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic subjects. Study results show that patients produce a strong antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 with high correlation between different viral antigens (spike protein and nucleoprotein) and among antibody classes (IgA, IgG, and IgM and neutralizing antibodies). The antibody peak is reached by 3 weeks from hospital admission followed by a sharp decrease. No difference was observed in any parameter of the antibody classes, including neutralizing antibodies, between subjects who recovered or with fatal outcome. Only few asymptomatic subjects developed antibodies at detectable levels.

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody persistence and viral spread in stool: a long-term care experience before COVID-19 vaccination

“…As determined in many studies, regardless of age, SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were significantly high in hospitalized participants in our research [9,12,13]. Although there are different answers regarding gender dominance in COVID-19, it has been shown in subsequent studies that there is no difference between genders, similar to our research [14,15].…”

“…As determined in many studies, regardless of age, SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were significantly high in hospitalized participants in our research [ 9 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Evaluation of a Multiplex Bead Assay against Single-Target Assays for Detection of IgG Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2

“…This observed impact on assay specificity highlights the inherent advantage of using an assay with multiple target antigens ( 11 , 18 ). A crude odds ratio estimate noted a significant, positive association between the multiplex result for IgG seropositivity and previously reported COVID-19 symptoms, and this relationship has been reported before ( 19 , 20 ). This characterization of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections suggests association with shorter-lived antibody responses and reduced viral loads, which may have contributed to the observations in this current study ( 21 , 22 ).…”

Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from a fully vaccinated human to a canine in Georgia, July 2021

“…Possible explanations include a long‐term history of oral oclacitinib maleate administration, mutations in the RBD altering assay sensitivity for Delta or a true absence of antibodies despite infection. Evidence of immunocompetence in Dog 2 and detection of a moderate serological response in Dog 1 suggests that immunosuppression or assay limitations are less likely and that this case may represent undetectable SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titres, as reported in asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in people (Chan et al., 2020 ; Marchi et al., 2021 ).…”