Characterization of acid and non‐acid glycosphingolipids of porcine heart valve cusps as potential immune targets in biological heart valve grafts

Barone, Angela; Benktander, John; Teneberg, Susann; Breimer, Michael E.

doi:10.1111/xen.12123

Cited by 27 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Due to the rapid valve degeneration in some of our young patients with surgical PVR, we believe that somatic growth alone cannot explain this phenomenon. We speculate that other, for example, immunologic factors may play a role . Whatever the cause of early valve degeneration in children and adolescents is, we have to acknowledge that there is a fine balance between preserving RV function and limiting the number of surgeries in a lifetime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of valvar and right ventricular function following transcatheter and surgical pulmonary valve replacement

Pollard

Karimi

et al. 2017

Congenital Heart Disease

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Objective: Trans-catheter (TC) pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) has become common practice for patients with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) and/or pulmonic insufficiency (PI). Our aim was to compare PVR and right ventricular (RV) function of patients who received TC vs surgical PVR.Design: Retrospective review of echocardiograms obtained at three time points: before, immediately after PVR, and most recent. Results: At baseline, the TC group had predominant RVOTO (74% vs 10%, P < .001), and moderate-severe PI was less common (61% vs 100%, P < .001). Immediate post-procedural PVR function was good throughout. At last follow-up, the TC group had preserved valve function, but the surgical group did not (moderate RVOTO: 6% vs 41%, P < .001; >mild PI: 0% vs 24%, P 5 .003). Patients younger than 17 years at surgical PVR had the highest risk of developing PVR dysfunction, while PVR function in follow-up was similar in adults. Looking at RV size and function, both groups had a decline in RV size following PVR. However, while RV function remained stable in the TC group, there was a transient postoperative decline in the surgical group. Conclusions: TC PVR in patients age

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of valvar and right ventricular function following transcatheter and surgical pulmonary valve replacement

Pollard

Karimi

et al. 2017

Congenital Heart Disease

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“…For its proof of principle design, the present research did not address the overall content of cell‐ and matrix‐associated immunogens, or of matrix‐related valve disease markers. To do this, a more accurate determination of, for example, the glycosphyngolipids and/or proteoglicans/GAGs content in the decellularized tissue would have to be performed by proteomic methods. Moreover, the impact of these components on cell‐mediated immune reaction would have to be carefully evaluated by in vitro and in vivo testing before considering immunologically safe the decellularized tissue for a perspective in human transplantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of pig and human‐derived aortic valve interstitial cells seeding on fixative‐free decellularized animal pericardium

et al. 2015

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Glutaraldehyde-fixed pericardium of animal origin is the elective material for the fabrication of bio-prosthetic valves for surgical replacement of insufficient/stenotic cardiac valves. However, the pericardial tissue employed to this aim undergoes severe calcification due to chronic inflammation resulting from a non-complete immunological compatibility of the animal-derived pericardial tissue resulting from failure to remove animal-derived xeno-antigens. In the mid/long-term, this leads to structural deterioration, mechanical failure, and prosthesis leaflets rupture, with consequent need for re-intervention. In the search for novel procedures to maximize biological compatibility of the pericardial tissue into immunocompetent background, we have recently devised a procedure to decellularize the human pericardium as an alternative to fixation with aldehydes. In the present contribution, we used this procedure to derive sheets of decellularized pig pericardium. The decellularized tissue was first tested for the presence of 1,3 α-galactose (αGal), one of the main xenoantigens involved in prosthetic valve rejection, as well as for mechanical tensile behavior and distensibility, and finally seeded with pig- and human-derived aortic valve interstitial cells. We demonstrate that the decellularization procedure removed the αGAL antigen, maintained the mechanical characteristics of the native pig pericardium, and ensured an efficient surface colonization of the tissue by animal- and human-derived aortic valve interstitial cells. This establishes, for the first time, the feasibility of fixative-free pericardial tissue seeding with valve competent cells for derivation of tissue engineered heart valve leaflets.

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“…Barone et al [31] isolated and structurally characterized both non-acid and acid glycosphingolipids from porcine aortic and pulmonary valve cusps. Understanding the antigenic structures on porcine valves/pericardium will be important for future genetic engineering.…”

Section: Decreasing the Immune Response To Gbhvs E The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Xenograft bioprosthetic heart valves: Past, present and future

Manji

Lee

Cooper

2015

International Journal of Surgery

140

105

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The transplantation (implantation) of xenograft heart valves into humans has been carried out for >50 years. There has been considerable research into making this form of xenotransplantation successful, though it is not perfect yet. We review the understanding of the immune response to xenograft heart valves. Important steps in the history include understanding (i) the importance of glutaraldehyde in decreasing the immune response and (ii) the relationship between calcification (which is the main problem leading to xenograft failure) and the immune response. We subsequently discuss the importance of identifying xenoantigens that are important in leading to xenograft valve failure, and the potential of genetically-engineered pigs to allow the development of the 'ideal' heart valve for clinical valve replacement.

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Characterization of acid and non‐acid glycosphingolipids of porcine heart valve cusps as potential immune targets in biological heart valve grafts

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of valvar and right ventricular function following transcatheter and surgical pulmonary valve replacement

Comparison of valvar and right ventricular function following transcatheter and surgical pulmonary valve replacement

Feasibility of pig and human‐derived aortic valve interstitial cells seeding on fixative‐free decellularized animal pericardium

Xenograft bioprosthetic heart valves: Past, present and future

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