Characterization of a thermo-osmotic gas transport mechanism in Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.

Schröder, Peter

doi:10.1007/bf00202399

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…5 is only valid for lowland rice varieties because gas transport mechanisms differ among plants. Aquatic plants such as the waterlily Nuphar Iuteurn (Dacey 198 I), cattail Typha latifolia (Sebacher et al 1985) or some trees Alnus glutinosa (L.) (Schroder 1989) possess an active thermally driven ventilation system that largely controls gas transport in these plants. Such a ventilation system is absent in rice Oryza sativa (Chanton & Dacey 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion-controlled transport of methane from soil to atmosphere as mediated by rice plants

Gon

Breemen

1993

Biogeochemistry

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Abstract. Methane emission from rice grown in flooded soil was measured in pot experiments using headspaces with different gas composition. The emission rates varied with the atmospheric composition. Based on the kinetic theory of gases the binary diffusion coefficients for methane in various gases were calculated. The ratios of the measured emissions under a certain atmosphere relative to that in air were similar to the ratios of the binary diffusion coefficients showing that plant-mediated CH, transport is driven by diffusion. Small deviations from the theoretical ratios of emissions support the hypothesis that mass flow of gas to the submerged parts of the rice plant may depress the upward diffusive CH, flux. The results in combination with data from the literature suggest that the rate limiting step in plant-mediated methane transport is diffusion of CH, across the root/ shoot junction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion-controlled transport of methane from soil to atmosphere as mediated by rice plants

Gon

Breemen

1993

Biogeochemistry

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“…On the other hand, the outstanding success of black alder at water logged and temporarily flooded sites, where low oxygen supply in the soil excludes other trees, is due to specific morphological and structural changes in response to flooding. These changes include the emergence of adventitious roots (Gill 1975), the formation of hypertrophied lenticels at the stem base, the development of aerenchyma tissue and a gas transport system based upon the physico-chemical effect of thermo-osmosis (Schröder 1989). Continuously high transpiration rates could be beneficial to productivity not only because the high leaf conductances allow greater CO 2 uptake, but also because mass flow towards the roots would provide a good nutrient supply even at poor sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf water relations of black alder [ Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.] growing at neighbouring sites with different water regimes

Eschenbach

Kappen

1999

Trees - Structure and Function

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The tree species black alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.] typically inhabits wet sites in central Europe but is also successful on well drained soils. To test the physiological adjustment of the species in situ, conductances, transpiration rates and water potentials (Scholander pressure chamber) of black alder leaves were investigated at two neighbouring sites with different water regimes: alder trees at an occasionally water logged alder forest and alder shrubs in a nearby, much drier hedgerow. Additional experiments with alder cuttings in nutrient culture showed that leaf conductances and gas exchange were both strongly influenced by the substrate water potential. In situ however, there was little spatial variability within the different parts of a crown and we found that physiological regulation at leaf level was hardly influenced by different site water regimes or different tree sizes. Diurnal courses of leaf water relations as well as their regulation at the leaf level (e.g. the hyperbolic relationship between conductances and ∆W) were strikingly similar at both sites. Leaf water potential in black alder was shown to be a consequence of immediate transpiration rates, which were high in comparison to other tree species (up to 4 mmol H 2 O m -2 s -1 ), rather than the water potentials being a factor that influenced conductance and, therefore, transpiration. The always high leaf conductances and consequent high transpiration rates are interpreted as a strategy to maximise productivity through low stomatal limitation at sites where water supply is usually not limited. However, at the same time this behaviour restricts black alder to sites where at least the deep-going roots can exploit water.& k w d : Key words Alnus glutinosa · Black alder · Conductance · Transpiration · Water potential& b d y :

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“…In A. glutinosa and A. incana the respiratory oxygen demand of the roots was covered completely by the pressurized gas transport and excess oxygen was excreted into the rhizosphere (SchrOder 1986(SchrOder , 1989Grosse et al 1990). The improved oxygen supply to the roots was beneficial to the wetland trees not only by increasing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and .the plants' subsequent vigor, but also by elevating the roots' superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to a higher level (Grosse et al 1993), which is suggested to protect some monocots from postanoxic injury following periods of soil anoxia and flooding .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressurized gas transport in two Japanese alder species in relation to their natural habitats

Große

Schulte

Fujita

1993

Ecological Research

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Oxygen uptake measurements have shown that pressurized gas transport, resulting from the physical effect of thermo-osmosis of gases, improves oxygen supply to the root s of the seedlings in two alder species Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. and Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr., which are both native in Japan. When gas transport conditions were established by irradiation of the tree stems the internal aeration was increased to a level nearly equal to the oxygen demand of the root system in leafless seedlings ofA. hirsuta, but was higher in A. japonica so that excess oxygen was excreted into the environment. An increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, which protects plants from toxic oxygen radicals and post-anoxic injury, has been observed in root tissues of A. japonica when the seedlings were flooded for 3 days. The increase of SOD activity, in concert with high gas transport rates, may enable this tree species to grow in wet sites characterized by low oxygen partial pressure in the soil and by varying water tables. A less effective gas transport, flood-induced reduction of SOD activity in root tissues, and reduced height growth in waterlogged soil may be responsible for the fact that A. hirsuta is unable to inhabit wetland sites.

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Characterization of a thermo-osmotic gas transport mechanism in Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Diffusion-controlled transport of methane from soil to atmosphere as mediated by rice plants

Diffusion-controlled transport of methane from soil to atmosphere as mediated by rice plants

Leaf water relations of black alder [ Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.] growing at neighbouring sites with different water regimes

Pressurized gas transport in two Japanese alder species in relation to their natural habitats

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