Characterization Methods and Techniques

Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon; Renneckar, Scott

doi:10.1002/9781118698600.ch4

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“…Thus, we used CP/MAS 13 C NMR to determine the crystallinity index (CrI) of untreated and pretreated softwoods. Typically, changes in the C 4 region of cellulose informed us of the CrI of cellulose (Figure S4, blue region, adapted from ref ). Changes in the C 6 region suggested the breaking of hydrogen bonding between cellulose chains (Figure S4, orange region). , To establish the baseline, we first used Avicel (crystalline cellulose) and RAC (amorphous cellulose) as controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Enhanced Softwood Cellulose Accessibility by H₃PO₄ Pretreatment: High Sugar Yield without Compromising Lignin Integrity

Hossain

Rahaman

Lee

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Softwood lignocellulose is a potential feedstock for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. However, the highly cross-linked nature of softwood lignocellulose restricts enzyme access to its sugars. Thus, harsh pretreatment conditions (180–280 °C) and/or high enzyme loading are required to unlock sugars. These requirements negatively affect the economic viability of softwoods in biorefineries. Here we show that H3PO4 pretreatment of pine and Douglas fir under a mild reaction temperature (50 °C) and atmospheric pressure enabled a high (∼80%) glucan digestibility with low enzyme loading (5 filter paper units (FPU)/g glucan). The dissolution and regeneration of softwoods disrupted the hydrogen bonding between cellulose chains, thereby increasing the cellulose accessibility to cellulase (CAC) values by ∼38-fold (from ∼0.4 to 15 m2/g biomass). Examination of H3PO4-pretreated softwoods by cross-polarization/magic angle spin (CP/MAS), 13C- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that breaking of the orderly hydrogen bonding of crystalline cellulose caused the increase in CAC (higher than 11 m2/g biomass), which, in turn, was responsible for the high glucan digestibility of pretreated softwoods. The H3PO4 pretreatment process was feedstock independent. Lastly, 2D 13C–1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR showed that the lignin was depolymerized but not condensed; thus, the lignin can be available for producing high-value products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Enhanced Softwood Cellulose Accessibility by H₃PO₄ Pretreatment: High Sugar Yield without Compromising Lignin Integrity

Hossain

Rahaman

Lee

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Characterization Methods and Techniques

Cited by 1 publication

References 114 publications

Enhanced Softwood Cellulose Accessibility by H₃PO₄ Pretreatment: High Sugar Yield without Compromising Lignin Integrity

Enhanced Softwood Cellulose Accessibility by H₃PO₄ Pretreatment: High Sugar Yield without Compromising Lignin Integrity

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Characterization Methods and Techniques

Cited by 1 publication

References 114 publications

Enhanced Softwood Cellulose Accessibility by H3PO4 Pretreatment: High Sugar Yield without Compromising Lignin Integrity

Enhanced Softwood Cellulose Accessibility by H3PO4 Pretreatment: High Sugar Yield without Compromising Lignin Integrity

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Enhanced Softwood Cellulose Accessibility by H₃PO₄ Pretreatment: High Sugar Yield without Compromising Lignin Integrity

Enhanced Softwood Cellulose Accessibility by H₃PO₄ Pretreatment: High Sugar Yield without Compromising Lignin Integrity