Characterization and reactivity in toluene reforming of a Fe/olivine catalyst designed for gas cleanup in biomass gasification

Virginie, Mirella; Courson, Claire; Nižňanský, Daniel; Chaoui, N.; Kiennemann, A.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.09.011

Cited by 167 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Ni(NO 3 ) 3 Precursors with the desired Ni-Ca-Al (1:1) (Ca/Al molar ratio 1:1), Ni-Zn-Al (1:1) (Zn/Al molar ratio 1:1), Ni-Ca-Al (Ca/Al molar ratio 1:9) or Ni-Ca-Zn-Al (Ca/Zn/Al molar ratio 1:1:2) were prepared by dissolving a certain amount of metal salts in deionized water. The precursor mixture was precipitated with a basic solution of (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 drop by drop in order to adjust the pH of the suspension between 6 and 9.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the EU has endorsed an integrated approach for energy sustainability, with a target for 2020 of producing 20% of energy consumption from renewable resources and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of at least 20% below 1990 levels [1]. Recently, extensive interest has been drawn to biomass gasification for the production of hydrogen [2][3][4][5]. Since biomass is largely available as a carbon-neutral resource [6] and a key renewable feedstocks to respond to the vital societal need for the sustainability of energy production [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin for hydrogen production in the presence of various nickel-based catalysts

Wang

Huang

2013

Fuel

163

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Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are the main components of biomass. This work presents research into the pyrolysis/gasification of all three main components of biomass, in order to evaluate and compare their hydrogen production and also understand their gasification processes. A fixed bed, two-stage reaction system has been used employing various nickel-based catalysts. Gas concentration (CO, H 2 , CO, CO 2 and CH 4 ) was analysed for the produced non-condensed gases. Oil byproducts were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Various techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) were applied to characterize the fresh or reacted catalysts. The experimental results show that the lignin sample generates the highest residue fraction (52.0 wt.%) among the three biomass components. When Ni-Zn-Al (1:1) catalyst was used in the gasification process, gas yield was increased from 62.4 to 68.2 wt.% for cellulose, and from 25.2 to 50.0 wt.% for the pyrolysis/gasification of lignin. Hydrogen production was increased from 7.0 to 18.7 (mmol g -1 sample) when the Ni-Zn-Al (1:1) catalyst was introduced in the pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose. Among the investigated catalysts, Ni-Ca-Al (1:1) was found to be the most effective for hydrogen production from cellulose pyrolysis/gasification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin for hydrogen production in the presence of various nickel-based catalysts

Wang

Huang

2013

Fuel

163

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“…However, due to the complexity of tar composition, different model molecules representatives of tar have been used in the studies such as benzene, toluene, naphthalene and methylnaphthalene. Nickel-based catalysts have been extensively investigated for the steam reforming (SR) of toluene due to the high activity of Ni for C-C bond breaking and its low cost [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, nickel catalysts undergo significant deactivation during steam reforming of toluene, mainly attributed to carbon deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam Reforming of Toluene Over Pt/Ce x Zr1−x O2/Al2O3 Catalysts

et al. 2015

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Steam reforming of toluene was investigated over Pt/Ce x Zr 1-x O 2 /Al 2 O 3 catalysts with different ceria and zirconia content (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00). Toluene was used as model molecule representative of tar produced in biomass gasification. The main reactions over Pt/Ce x Zr 1-x O 2 /Al 2 O 3 catalysts are the steam reforming of toluene and the water-gas shift. The dealkylation of toluene to benzene and methane takes place only at the beginning of the reaction. Toluene conversion significantly decreases during the reaction for all catalysts excepted for Pt/CeO 2 /Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Catalyst deactivation was attributed to carbon deposition as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. A clear relationship is observed between the acidity of the catalyst and the amount of carbon formed over Pt/Ce x Zr 1-x O 2 /Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Decreasing the Ce/Zr ratio increased the density of acid sites as well as the amount of carbon formed. This result suggests that the main route for carbon deposition proceeds by the oligomerization of toluene molecule on the acid sites of the support. Pt/CeO 2 /Al 2 O 3 catalyst was quite stable during steam reforming of toluene without carbon deposition. For this catalyst, ceria covered the acid sites of alumina and did not introduce significant Lewis acid sites.

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“…The effectivity of the Ni/AC for removing tars from gasification gases is studied between 700 and 900 • C, by simulating a gas with a composition typical of fluidized bed gasifiers (25 2 , 2100 mg/m 3 C 10 H 8 and 5200 mg/m 3 C 6 H 6 , Ar as balance). The molecular steam-to-carbon ratio in the feed was maintained at 0.88.…”

Section: Preliminary Activity Tests Tar (Toluene) Conversion At Lab-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Model Tars over Carbon-Supported Ni and Fe

et al. 2018

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Tar removal from gasification gases is a determinant step to guarantee the operational feasibility of gasification-to-chemicals/energy systems. This study aimed to develop novel carbon-supported catalysts for the elimination of tarry aromatics (toluene, naphthalene and benzene) from gasification gases. Effects of reaction temperature (700 < T < 900 • C) and catalyst nature (Fe 0 and Ni 0 ) on the activity were assessed by considering thermo-catalytic conversion and steam reforming, under a simulated gasification gas. The catalysts (Ni and Fe) and support (AC) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 physisorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and compositional analyses. Both catalysts and support, presented a mesoporous-like texture with a considerable high surface area (690 < S BET < 743 m 2 /g). Furthermore, dispersion of the metal nanoparticles (active phase) was uniform as confirmed by TEM images. Results from activity tests suggest that Ni/AC has higher effectivity for converting tars than Fe/AC, as confirmed by the low apparent activation energies (34 < E app < 98 kJ/mol) for naphthalene and benzene conversion between 700 and 900 • C. The conversion was 100% above 850 • C; nevertheless; below 750 • C, a sharp reduction in benzene conversion was observed, which was attributed to reversible carbon deposition.

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Characterization and reactivity in toluene reforming of a Fe/olivine catalyst designed for gas cleanup in biomass gasification

Cited by 167 publications

References 43 publications

Pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin for hydrogen production in the presence of various nickel-based catalysts

Pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin for hydrogen production in the presence of various nickel-based catalysts

Steam Reforming of Toluene Over Pt/Ce x Zr1−x O2/Al2O3 Catalysts

Catalytic Conversion of Model Tars over Carbon-Supported Ni and Fe

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