Characterization and Antineoplasic Effect of Extracts Obtained from Pleurotus sajor-caju Fruiting Bodies

Abstract

Fungi of the Pleurotus genus present a great industrial interest due to their possibility of producing pharmacological compounds, pigments, aromas, organic acids, polysaccharides, enzymes, vitamins, amino acids, etc. Among the therapeutic products, we can highlight those with antineoplasic activity, attributed to the fungi cell wall components. Based on this, the objective of this work was to study the antineoplasic capacity of the polysaccharidic fractions obtained from Pleurotus sajor-caju fruiting bodies. Female Swiss mice were inoculated with the Ehrlich ascitic tumor (5 x 10(6) cells/animal) in ascitic form. The polysaccharidic fractions were administered intraperitoneally, during a 6-day period. Fractions FI and FII presented a lower volume of ascitic liquid (3.1 and 1.8 mL, respectively) and a higher reduction in the number of neoplasic cells present in the ascitic liquid (86.2% and 85%, respectively), when compared to the positive control (group inoculated with the tumor but without treatment). These fractions were characterized in terms of monosaccharide composition. Glucose was the major component detected, followed by galactose and mannose. The anomeric carbon configuration of the beta-glucan was confirmed by the (13)C NMR (delta 103.7). Substituted and free C3 and C6 were also detected. Protein bands were confirmed through infrared analysis.

β-(1→3),(1→6)-Glucans: medicinal activities, characterization, biosynthesis and new horizons

“…This fact was confirmed by adding YW3548, an inhibitor of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor formation, which Uronic acid Gutiérrez et al (1996) 1664 and 1527 Proteins Dalonso et al (2010) 1656, 1654, 1650, and 1642 Amide I (proteins)…”

“…Masuda et al (2012) demonstrated that purified glucans, such as MD-fraction, a β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucan from Grifola frondosa, and curdlan, β-(1→3) from Alcaligenes faecalis, promote direct production of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), resulting in Dectin-1/Syk activation in resident macrophages. Dalonso et al (2010) studied antitumor activity of extracts from Pleurotus sajor-caju fruiting bodies. Mice were inoculated with the Ehrlich ascitic tumor and the treatment was started after 24 h with polysaccharide fractions, during 6 days, administered intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg).…”

“…There are many studies with fungi belonging to this class, addressing specially the genus Pleurotus (Dalonso et al 2010;Baggio et al 2012;Schott et al 2013;Facchini et al 2014), Agaricus (Kim et al 2005;Gern et al 2010;Yamanaka et al 2012), Lentinus Wang et al 2014a), and Grifola (Adachi et al 1994;Masuda et al 2012;Fang et al 2012;Klaus et al 2015) The important medicinal effects previously described are associated mainly with polysaccharides present in the cell wall of fungi identified as linear or branched β-(1→3) glucans with chitin or O-6, O-4 substituted (Latgé 2007;Free 2013). Other glucans with main chain β-(1→4) (Li et al 2012) or β-(1→4), (1→6) (Han et al 2014) combined with proteins (polysaccharide-peptide) or not (Lee et al 2009) also have been described with biological activities.…”

A polysaccharide fraction extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelial biomass inhibit Sarcoma 180 tumor

“…1. The biomass was washed with distilled water, frozen, and fractionated according to the methodology proposed by Zhang et al (1994), modified by Dalonso et al (2010). Briefly, 2 volumes of ethanol were added to the frozen mycelial biomass and the suspension was maintained at 80ºC for 3 h. The mixture was centrifuged (3.400 g) and the supernatant containing low molecular weight molecules was discarded.…”

Exopolysaccharide produced by Pleurotus sajor-caju: Its chemical structure and anti-inflammatory activity

“…Moreover, some mushroom compounds, such as polysaccharides, have shown therapeutic effects. Among the effects, the most reported are the antitumoral, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and immunoenhancing activities [3][4][5].…”