Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep

Pack, Allan I.; Pack, Andrew M.; Rodgman, E A; Cucchiara, Andrew J.; Dinges, David F.; Schwab, C. William

doi:10.1016/0001-4575(95)00034-8

Cited by 431 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This was the case for both 5 police-reported and proxy identification and is in line with previous research (Horne and Reyner 6 1995b, Pack et al 1995, Connor et al 2002, Sagaspe et al 2010. Using three approaches to crash 7 data this paper demonstrates that a proxy definition can change the significance of crash 8 characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Enforcement officers report difficulty in identifying driver fatigue 10 (Radun et al 2013). This is influenced both by a lack of objective and reliable tests for sleepiness 11 analogous to those available for alcohol or drugs (Pack et al 1995), but also through deficiencies in 12 officer training in the identification of SR crashes (Radun et al 2013). The number of reported SR 13 crashes is underestimated within crash data (Akerstedt 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep-related crash characteristics: Implications for applying a fatigue definition to crash reports

Filtness¹,

Armstrong²,

Watson³

et al. 2017

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep-related crash characteristics: Implications for applying a fatigue definition to crash reports

Filtness¹,

Armstrong²,

Watson³

et al. 2017

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…[128][129][130][131] The fact that sleepiness could be a major factor in individuals without known sleep disorders was not universally accepted until the landmark paper 132 by Pack et al in 1995. This group reviewed crash reports from the state of North Carolina between 1990 and 1992 in which the driver was judged to have fallen asleep behind the wheel.…”

Section: Drowsy Driving In Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences

Owens¹

2014

Pediatrics

1,114

768

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Chronic sleep loss and associated sleepiness and daytime impairments in adolescence are a serious threat to the academic success, health, and safety of our nation’s youth and an important public health issue. Understanding the extent and potential short- and long-term repercussions of sleep restriction, as well as the unhealthy sleep practices and environmental factors that contribute to sleep loss in adolescents, is key in setting public policies to mitigate these effects and in counseling patients and families in the clinical setting. This report reviews the current literature on sleep patterns in adolescents, factors contributing to chronic sleep loss (ie, electronic media use, caffeine consumption), and health-related consequences, such as depression, increased obesity risk, and higher rates of drowsy driving accidents. The report also discusses the potential role of later school start times as a means of reducing adolescent sleepiness.

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“…13,23 On the highway, >50% of fall-asleep driving accidents are caused by people <25 years old. 24 Importantly, disturbed sleep quality is associated with deficits in concurrently measured psychologic, behavioral, and somatic functioning and predicts the emergence of deficits in interpersonal and psychosocial functioning. 3,10,23,25 Although causal relationships have not been firmly established, these findings raise the possibility that adolescent academic, emotional, health, and behavioral problems may be prevented or meaningfully improved by interventions that result in increased quantity and quality of sleep.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Reported Sleep Quality and Sleep Hygiene in Italian and American Adolescents

et al. 2005

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Objective-The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep quality and sleep hygiene in Italian and American adolescents and to assess whether sleephygiene practices mediate the relationship between culture and sleep quality.Methods-Two nonprobability samples were collected from public schools in Rome, Italy, and Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Students completed the following self-report measures: Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale, Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale, Pubertal Developmental Scale, and Morningness/Eveningness Scale.Results-The final sample included 776 Italian and 572 American adolescents 12 to 17 years old. Italian adolescents reported much better sleep hygiene and substantially better sleep quality than American adolescents. A moderate-to-strong linear relationship was found between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in both samples. Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed on both samples. Demographic and individual characteristics explained a significant proportion of the variance in sleep quality (Italians: 18%; Americans: 25%), and the addition of sleep-hygiene domains explained significantly more variance in sleep quality (Italians: 17%; Americans: 16%). A final hierarchical multiple regression analysis with both samples combined showed that culture (Italy versus United States) only explained 0.8% of the variance in sleep quality after controlling for sleep hygiene and all other variables.Conclusions-Cross-cultural differences in sleep quality, for the most part, were due to differences in sleep-hygiene practices. Sleep hygiene is an important predictor of sleep quality in Italian and American adolescents, thus supporting the implementation and evaluation of educational programs on good sleep-hygiene practices. Adolescence is a period characterized by important changes in cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional functioning attributable to biological development (ie, puberty) and to new roles and demands in the familial and social milieu (eg, decreased parental involvement, increased academic requirements). There also are dramatic changes in sleep/wake patterns during adolescence, including a decrease in sleep duration, 1-3 a delay in the timing of sleep, 4,5 and an increasingly large discrepancy between weekday and weekend sleep patterns. 6-9 Sleep quality is reduced as well. 10 Community-and school-based studies conducted in Europe, Asia, and the United States suggest that between 6% and 37% of adolescents report difficulties on ≥1 of the following behavioral dimensions of sleep quality: going to bed, 11,12 falling asleep, 3,13-17 maintaining undisturbed sleep, 10,16-18 reinitiating sleep after nocturnal awakenings, 3,16,17 and returning to wakefulness in the morning. 7,9,15,17 Furthermore, up to 16% of adolescents are considered to have clinically significant insomnia. 16,19,20 There is ample evidence that inadequate sleep quantity and quality are linked to significant problems in several aspects of teenagers' lives. 5,8 Sleepiness ...

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Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep

Cited by 431 publications

References 10 publications

Sleep-related crash characteristics: Implications for applying a fatigue definition to crash reports

Sleep-related crash characteristics: Implications for applying a fatigue definition to crash reports

Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences

The Relationship Between Reported Sleep Quality and Sleep Hygiene in Italian and American Adolescents

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