Characteristics of COVID-19 infection and antibody formation in patients known at a tertiary immunology department

Guchelaar, Niels A.D.; Laar, Jan A. M. van; Hermans, Maud A.W.; Houwen, Tim B. van der; Atmaca, S. B.; Maaren, Maurits S. van; Brkić, Zana; Daele, Paul L A van; Dalm, Virgil A. S. H.; Hagen, P. Martin van; Rombach, Saskia M.

doi:10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100084

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Reflecting the relative frequency of humoral immunodeficiencies among IEIs, the majority of patients who experienced COVID-19 are affected by antibody deficiency ( n = 330, 51%) [ 5 ▪ , 9 ▪ , 10 , 12 – 17 , 19 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 57 – 62 , 64 , 66 – 69 ]. Among them, 200 have common variable immunodeficiency (CVID, 60% of all antibody deficiencies), 59 have X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA, 18%) and eight have autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia (2%).…”

Section: Overview Of Reports Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 In Patients With Inborn Errors Of Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: lessons learned

Bucciol

Tangye

Meyts

2021

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of review The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused extreme concern for patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). In the first 6 months of the pandemic, the case fatality rate among patients with IEIs resembled that of the general population (9%). This review aims at summarizing what we have learned about the course and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with different IEIs and what this can potentially teach us about the immune mechanisms that could confer protection or predisposition to severe disease. Recent findings A total of 649 patients with IEI and COVID-19 have been reported in the last year and a half, spanning all groups of the International Union of Immunological Societies classification of IEIs. For most patients, the underlying IEI does not represent an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19. In fact, some IEI may even be protective against the severe disease due to impaired inflammation resulting in less immune-mediated collateral tissue damage. Summary We review the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large number of patients with IEI. Overall, we found that combined immunodeficiencies, immune dysregulation disorders, and innate immune defects impairing type I interferon responses are associated with severe disease course.

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Section: Overview Of Reports Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 In Patients With Inborn Errors Of Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: lessons learned

Bucciol

Tangye

Meyts

2021

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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“…However, the age of affected IEI patients was lower (median 24 yrs vs 48 yrs; Fig. 1A), and the proportion admitted to ICU was higher (14.0% vs 2–5%) than the general population [12,27–63,67,69–75,76 ▪▪ ]. Within the different classifications of IEIs, SARS-CoV2-infected CVID patients were significantly older (mean: 40.4 years) than SARS-CoV2 + patients with agammaglobulinemia (mean: 23.1 years), chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) (mean: 15.4 years), or APECED (mean: 24.4 years) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…600 patients with previously diagnosed IEI. These include individual cases [27–53,87,88], experiences from single treatment centers [58,62,63,67,68], larger cohort studies from countries including Iran (19 patients) [69], Turkey (26 patients) [70], Brazil (121 patients) [71], Israel (20 patients) [72], Italy (131 patients) [73], UK (15 patients) [74], and Mexico (31 patients) [75], as well as an international survey of 94 patients from 12 countries across Europe, UK, Latin America, and the USA [76 ▪▪ ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of this include not only susceptibility to infection by HSV-1 [4], respiratory infections [5,6,8], EBV [7], or attenuated viral vaccines [5,6] in some IEIs, but also the occurrence of enteroviral meningioencephalitis (∼5%) and vaccine-associated poliomyelitis (∼1.5%) in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) patients [26]. Over the past 12 months, reports of individual cases [27–53] and of individuals with the same type of IEI [54 ▪ ,55–66], as well as local [58,67,68], national [69–75] and international [76 ▪▪ ] cohort studies have assessed the outcomes of SARS-CoV2 infection on such individuals. These studies have provided key findings regarding host defense against SARS-CoV2 infection, and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms underlying host defense and disease pathology in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV2 infection: insights from inborn errors of immunity

Tangye

Bucciol

Meyts

2021

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of reviewThe severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus 2 (CoV2)/COVID-19 pandemic has reminded us of the fundamental and nonredundant role played by the innate and adaptive immune systems in host defense against emerging pathogens. The study of rare ‘experiments of nature’ in the setting of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) caused by monogenic germline variants has revealed key insights into the molecular and cellular requirements for immune-mediated protection against infectious diseases. This review will provide an overview of the discoveries obtained from investigating severe COVID-19 in patients with defined IEI or otherwise healthy individuals.Recent findingsGenetic, serological and cohort studies have provided key findings regarding host defense against SARS-CoV2 infection, and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Remarkably, the risk factors, severity of disease, and case fatality rate following SARS-CoV2 infection in patients with IEI were not too dissimilar to that observed for the general population. However, the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway – activated in innate immune cells in response to viral sensing – is critical for anti-SARS-CoV2 immunity. Indeed, genetic variants or autoAbs affecting type I IFN function account for up to 20% of all cases of life-threatening COVID-19.SummaryThe analysis of rare cases of severe COVID-19, coupled with assessing the impact of SARS-CoV2 infection in individuals with previously diagnosed IEI, has revealed fundamental aspects of human immunology, disease pathogenesis and immunopathology in the context of exposure to and infection with a novel pathogen. These findings can be leveraged to improve therapies for treating for emerging and established infectious diseases.

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“…In comparison to Quinti et al 8 , the CVID cohort in the study by Cohen et al 20 presented with higher recovery rates and milder course of COVID-19. Despite dysfunctional B-lymphocytes and the inability to produce antibodies, it was shown that CVID patients may develop SARS-COV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies seven weeks after the first symptoms 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Predisposing or Protective Factor for Severe Complications of COVID-19?

Ferenc

2022

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The origin of COVID-19 outbreak was in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019 and the World Health Organization (WHO) formally declared it a pandemic in March 2020. Since then, SARS-CoV-2 infected more than 167 million people and caused approximately 3.5 million deaths 1 . SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae and is the seventh known member of the family that is capable of infecting humans 2 . There are several documented modes of transmission with evidence supporting respiratory and airborne as the main modes 3 . Clinical features of COVID-19 vary from asymptomatic or mild common cold-like symptoms (81%) to more severe manifestations such as severe respiratory failure (14%) and critical illness (5%) 2,4 . Rapid replication of SARS-CoV-2 may generate strong immune response, which often results in development of cytokine storm syndrome, acute respiratory

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Characteristics of COVID-19 infection and antibody formation in patients known at a tertiary immunology department

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: lessons learned

Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: lessons learned

Mechanisms underlying host defense and disease pathology in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV2 infection: insights from inborn errors of immunity

Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Predisposing or Protective Factor for Severe Complications of COVID-19?

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