Characteristic and Catalytic Performance of Co and Co-Mo Metal Impregnated in Sarulla Natural Zeolite Catalyst for Hydrocracking of MEFA Rubber Seed Oil into Biogasoline Fraction

Sihombing, Junifa Layla; Gea, Saharman; Wirjosentono, Basuki; Agusnar, Harry; Pulungan, Ahmad Nasir; Herlinawati, Herlinawati; Yusuf, Muhammad; Hutapea, Yasir Arafat

doi:10.3390/catal10010121

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The initial preparation of natural zeolite followed the procedure carried out by Sihombing et al [13]. Natural zeolite was crushed and sieved with a 100 meshsieve.…”

Section: Zeolite Preparation and Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of sarulla natural zeolite activated with various acid concentration and loaded with Ni and Ni-Mo metals as bifunctional catalysts

Sihombing

Ginting

Amdayani

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Metal loading on zeolite to produce bifunctional catalysts is reported to increased the characteristics of zeolites which synergistically increase their catalytic activity. Sarulla natural zeolite (SNZ) from North Sumatera has the potential as a catalyst because of its excellent chemical properties including acidity, thermal stability, and large pores. On the other hand, natural zeolite contains a lot of impurities and lower acidity density so that it needs to be processed before use. In this research, modification of the acidity density of zeolite and metal loading were expected to improve the characteristics of SNZ as a catalyst. To achieved this goal, the research methods carried out include preparation, activation process with mineral acid with various concentrations of 3M, 5M, and 7M, then calcination with N2 gas flow. Ni and NiMo loading by wet impregnation method followed by oxidation and reduction with O2 and H2 gas flow, respectively. Some important properties of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, SEM, and determination of surface area by BET method. Ni/SNZ-7 catalyst showed the largest spesific surface area (92 m2/g), the least impurities (3%), and the most homogeneous surface morphology compared to other catalysts. The deposition of two metals in the zeolite generally causes an increase in the pore diameter and crystallinity degree, while decreasing in the pore volume of catalyst.

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“…The initial preparation of natural zeolite followed the procedure carried out by Sihombing et al [13]. Natural zeolite was crushed and sieved with a 100 meshsieve.…”

Section: Zeolite Preparation and Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of sarulla natural zeolite activated with various acid concentration and loaded with Ni and Ni-Mo metals as bifunctional catalysts

Sihombing

Ginting

Amdayani

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…The preparation and activation of natural zeolite in this study followed the procedure reported by Sihombing et al [26] In the early stages, natural zeolite was crushed and sieved to obtain zeolite with a size of 100 mesh. This natural zeolite was then washed by soaking in distilled water for 24 hours at room temperature.…”

Section: Preparation and Activation Of Natural Zeolitementioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Natural Zeolite Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts

Pulungan¹,

Kembaren²,

Nurfajriani³

et al. 2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The conversion of biodiesel from rubber seed oil has been carried out using heterogeneous catalyst based on natural zeolite. The methods used include activated and calcined to produce active natural zeolite (ZAA). ZAA are embodied metal oxides of PbO, ZnO, and ZrO 2 through wet impregnation to produce bifunctional catalyst. The catalysts activity test was carried out in biodiesel synthesis at temperature 60ºC for 60 minutes with 5%(w/w) catalysts. Crystallinity of catalysts increased after the activation process and ZrO 2 loaded but decreased after PbO and ZnO loaded. The catalyst components after modification decreased Al levels due to dealumination process as well as reduced impurities. Spesific surface area of catalysts decreased after impregnation while total pore volume increased. Metal oxides loaded has an effect in increasing biodiesel conversion and reducing FFA content. The best performance was shown by ZrO 2 /ZAA catalysts with yield conversion of 58.10% and FFA conversion to methyl ester reaches 86.22%. The characteristics of water content, FFA content, and density of 0.092%, 1.081%, and 0.880 g/cm 3 , respectively. These data showed that biodiesel from rubber seed oil which was catalyzed by a bifunctional catalyst has the potential to be developed as an alternative source of future renewable and environmentally friendly fuels.

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“…Adsorption-desorption isotherm graph of ANZ, ZB 0.2 M, ZB 0.5 M and ZB 2 M can be seen in Figure 3. Based on adsorption-desorption isotherm in Figure 3, the pattern in the diagram is categorized into Type IV with the presence of hysteresis loop and high rises in the graph at P/Po (Sihombing et al, 2020;Sihombing et al, 2018;Hasanuddin and Rahmat 2015;Fathi et al, 2014). Moreover, the graph shows that the rate of adsorption is not the same as the desorption rate.…”

Section: Xrf Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural Zeolite (NZ) is usually formed as a secondary mineral in several geological activities in the Earth's crust. Indonesia has got many sources of natural zeolite which are widely spread across various regions such as Lampung (Elysabeth et al, 2019), Bayah (Hartono et al, 2019), Tasikmalaya (Dewi et al, 2016), Ende-Flores (Noelaka et al, 2018), Malang (Erlynata et al, 2014), Gunung Kidul (Hernawan et al, 2015) as well as in Sarulla -North Tapanuli (Sihombing et al, 2020). NZ is available in large quantities at low-cost exploitation and until today, it has not been fully utilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Chemical Activation Using Base Solution With Various Concentrations Towards Sarulla Natural Zeolite

Gea

Haryono

Andriayani

et al. 2020

EKW

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: Material characteristics analysis of Sarulla natural zeolite (SNZ) with base activation has been carried out. The base used was NaOH at various concentrations; 0.2 M, 0.5 M, and 2 M. Base activated catalysts were characterized by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and gas adsorption analysis using BET method. The procedures applied have caused differences in adsorption and desorption rates as well as the crystallinity values of the catalytic materials. Moreover, the ratio of Si/Al contents has also changed at the lowest concentration. On the other hand, the crystallinity of catalysts has decreased at the highest concentration of base applied. The results are reinforced in FTIR characterization which shows the changes of silanol bonds to become silicate and aluminate. Furthermore, morphological analysis of the catalysts shows that homogenous surface was obtained at low concentration, while rough/lumpy surfaces was obtained at higher concentration.Abstrak : Analisis terhadap karakteristik material dari zeolit alam Sarulla (SNZ) dengan metode aktivasi basa telah dilakukan. Basa yang digunakan ialah NaOH dengan berbagai konsentrasi; 0,2 M; 0,5 M, dan 2 M. Katalis yang telah diaktivasi dengan basa kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan Analisis X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Gas Adsorption menggunakan metode BET. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan perbedaan pada tingkat adsorpsi dan desorpsi, begitu juga dengan kristalinitas pada material katalis. Lebih jauh, rasio konten Si/Al juga berubah pada basa dengan konsentrasi terendah. Di sisi lain, tingkat kristalinitas dari katalis mengalami penurunan pada basa dengan konsentrasi tertinggi. Hasil ini diperkuat dengan data FTIR yang menunjukkan perubahan ikatan silanol menjadi silikat dan aluminat. Lebih jauh, analisis morfologi pada katalis menunjukkan bahwa permukaan yang homogen didapatkan dari penggunaan basa dengan konsentrasi rendah. Sebaliknya, basa dengan konsentrasi tinggi memberikan bentuk permukaan katalis yang tidak homogen serta kasar.

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Characteristic and Catalytic Performance of Co and Co-Mo Metal Impregnated in Sarulla Natural Zeolite Catalyst for Hydrocracking of MEFA Rubber Seed Oil into Biogasoline Fraction

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Characterization of sarulla natural zeolite activated with various acid concentration and loaded with Ni and Ni-Mo metals as bifunctional catalysts

Characterization of sarulla natural zeolite activated with various acid concentration and loaded with Ni and Ni-Mo metals as bifunctional catalysts

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Natural Zeolite Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts

The Effect of Chemical Activation Using Base Solution With Various Concentrations Towards Sarulla Natural Zeolite

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