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This contribution focuses on the French-German Boundary Commission that demarcated the French-German border from 1871 to 1877, after the German annexation of Alsace-Lorraine that followed the French defeat in the War of 1870. The genesis of this border cannot be summarised by the delineation drawn on the small-scale map attached to the Treaty of Frankfurt at the end of the war. It took no less than seven years for actors to draw the borderline in the field. From 1871 to 1877, a Boundary Commissioncomposed of French and German military and geographic engineers-worked on the ground to make the new border effective. During their activities, they erected more than 5000 border stones, made more than 900 maps and settled numerous conflicts, two of which we focus on. Thanks to the diary of one of the border commissioners and the collections of archives produced by the Commission in France and Germany, we study the birth of a border from a new angle. This study emphasises the room for manoeuvre that these officials had whilst 35 À delimiting the border, as well as the role the 36 À inhabitants played by means of petitions, 37 À letters of protest and counter-mapping. This 38 À French-German case will be put into perspec-39 À tive with other Boundary Commissions 40 À encountered in our research. 41 42 43 À 45 À German war, the geographical and statistical 46 À division of the Prussian general staff published a 47 À map of the "Territory of the General Government 48 À in Alsace". 1 After the French defeat, a sinuous 49 À green line was added to this document on a 50 À 1:300,000 scale, delineating German territorial 51 À claims on paper for the first time (Delahache 52 À 1909). The map was attached to the preliminary 53 À peace treaty of 26 February 1871: the green line 54 À fulfils the function of delimiting the new Franco-55 À German border. The territories ceded by France to 56 À the German Empire were not listed, but were 57 À vaguely defined as being located east of this bor-58 À der according to the first article. The green line 59 À delineated the territorial transfer, but did not 60 À specify the territories transferred. It corresponded 61 À to administrative boundaries (communes, can-62 À tons, districts, departments), as well topographical 63 À boundaries (mountain ridges) (Fig. 4.1).
This contribution focuses on the French-German Boundary Commission that demarcated the French-German border from 1871 to 1877, after the German annexation of Alsace-Lorraine that followed the French defeat in the War of 1870. The genesis of this border cannot be summarised by the delineation drawn on the small-scale map attached to the Treaty of Frankfurt at the end of the war. It took no less than seven years for actors to draw the borderline in the field. From 1871 to 1877, a Boundary Commissioncomposed of French and German military and geographic engineers-worked on the ground to make the new border effective. During their activities, they erected more than 5000 border stones, made more than 900 maps and settled numerous conflicts, two of which we focus on. Thanks to the diary of one of the border commissioners and the collections of archives produced by the Commission in France and Germany, we study the birth of a border from a new angle. This study emphasises the room for manoeuvre that these officials had whilst 35 À delimiting the border, as well as the role the 36 À inhabitants played by means of petitions, 37 À letters of protest and counter-mapping. This 38 À French-German case will be put into perspec-39 À tive with other Boundary Commissions 40 À encountered in our research. 41 42 43 À 45 À German war, the geographical and statistical 46 À division of the Prussian general staff published a 47 À map of the "Territory of the General Government 48 À in Alsace". 1 After the French defeat, a sinuous 49 À green line was added to this document on a 50 À 1:300,000 scale, delineating German territorial 51 À claims on paper for the first time (Delahache 52 À 1909). The map was attached to the preliminary 53 À peace treaty of 26 February 1871: the green line 54 À fulfils the function of delimiting the new Franco-55 À German border. The territories ceded by France to 56 À the German Empire were not listed, but were 57 À vaguely defined as being located east of this bor-58 À der according to the first article. The green line 59 À delineated the territorial transfer, but did not 60 À specify the territories transferred. It corresponded 61 À to administrative boundaries (communes, can-62 À tons, districts, departments), as well topographical 63 À boundaries (mountain ridges) (Fig. 4.1).
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