Chapter 5 Problems of Differentiation in the Vertebrate Lens

Isolation and In Vitro Translation of δ-Crystallin mRNA from Embryonic Chick Lens Fibers

“…Electrophoresis in the presence of urea has suggested that a-crystallin is composed of as many as five non-identical subunits (34)(35)(36). In light of recent evidence concerning the behavior of a-crystallin in urea (37), we feel that this is probably an overestimate.…”

Isolation and In Vitro Translation of δ-Crystallin mRNA from Embryonic Chick Lens Fibers

“…Electrophoresis in the presence of urea has suggested that a-crystallin is composed of as many as five non-identical subunits (34)(35)(36). In light of recent evidence concerning the behavior of a-crystallin in urea (37), we feel that this is probably an overestimate.…”

Heterogeneity of .delta.-crystallins of the embryonic mallard lens. Correlation between subunit compositions and isoelectric points

“…Finally, the existence of numerous, minor forms of native 5-crystallin having different isoelectric points from the principal forms suggests that the larger and smaller molecular weight polypeptides also possess charge heterogeneity. Electrophoretic tests of duck 5-crystallin in the presence of urea have provided evidence for charge heterogeneity among the subunits (Clayton, 1969(Clayton, , 1970. Further experiments are required in order to establish the number of different subunits composing mallard 5-crystallin, to understand the biochemical basis for their differences, and to determine whether each minor species of 5-crystallin with a different isoelectric point also has a different subunit composition.…”

The Amphibian Eye: Development and Regeneration

“…These have shown that delta (FISC), beta, and alpha crystallins appear in that order in the developing lens of the chick embryo (from 50 hrs to 4lj2 days of incubation) and are present in both lens epithelium and lens fibers (ZWANN, 1968(ZWANN, , 1974ZWANN and IKEDA, 1968;BRAHMA and VAN DOOREN-MAALEN, 1971;KATOH and YOSHIDA, 1973). The subunit composition of these three classes of crystallins and their immunologic relationships have been analyzed in detail (CLAYTON, 1969(CLAYTON, , 1970YOSHIDA and KATOH, 1971a;TRUMAN and CLAYTON, 1974;. The subunit composition of these three classes of crystallins and their immunologic relationships have been analyzed in detail (CLAYTON, 1969(CLAYTON, , 1970YOSHIDA and KATOH, 1971a;TRUMAN and CLAYTON, 1974;.…”

“…The beta crystallins are the most complex and have been shown to be a family of heteropolymers composed of different combinations of subunits. The crystallins of the calf lens (ex, {3, y} have also been thoroughly investigated and these results are reviewed by PAPACONSTANTINOU (1967), PALMER and PAPACONSTANTINOU (1969), DELCOUR and PAPACONSTANTINOU (1972), CLAYTON (1970, SPECTOR (1969), and W ALEY (1969). Delta crystallin is believed to be a tetramer of four subunits of the same size each having a molecular weight of 45000-50000 daltons giving a total molecular weight of 200000 for native delta crystallin (PIATIGORSKY et aI., 1974).…”

Isolation and In Vitro Translation of δ-Crystallin mRNA from Embryonic Chick Lens Fibers

“…Electrophoresis in the presence of urea has suggested that a-crystallin is composed of as many as five non-identical subunits (34)(35)(36). In light of recent evidence concerning the behavior of a-crystallin in urea (37), we feel that this is probably an overestimate.…”

Heterogeneity of .delta.-crystallins of the embryonic mallard lens. Correlation between subunit compositions and isoelectric points

“…Finally, the existence of numerous, minor forms of native 5-crystallin having different isoelectric points from the principal forms suggests that the larger and smaller molecular weight polypeptides also possess charge heterogeneity. Electrophoretic tests of duck 5-crystallin in the presence of urea have provided evidence for charge heterogeneity among the subunits (Clayton, 1969(Clayton, , 1970. Further experiments are required in order to establish the number of different subunits composing mallard 5-crystallin, to understand the biochemical basis for their differences, and to determine whether each minor species of 5-crystallin with a different isoelectric point also has a different subunit composition.…”

The Amphibian Eye: Development and Regeneration

“…These have shown that delta (FISC), beta, and alpha crystallins appear in that order in the developing lens of the chick embryo (from 50 hrs to 4lj2 days of incubation) and are present in both lens epithelium and lens fibers (ZWANN, 1968(ZWANN, , 1974ZWANN and IKEDA, 1968;BRAHMA and VAN DOOREN-MAALEN, 1971;KATOH and YOSHIDA, 1973). The subunit composition of these three classes of crystallins and their immunologic relationships have been analyzed in detail (CLAYTON, 1969(CLAYTON, , 1970YOSHIDA and KATOH, 1971a;TRUMAN and CLAYTON, 1974;. The subunit composition of these three classes of crystallins and their immunologic relationships have been analyzed in detail (CLAYTON, 1969(CLAYTON, , 1970YOSHIDA and KATOH, 1971a;TRUMAN and CLAYTON, 1974;.…”

“…The beta crystallins are the most complex and have been shown to be a family of heteropolymers composed of different combinations of subunits. The crystallins of the calf lens (ex, {3, y} have also been thoroughly investigated and these results are reviewed by PAPACONSTANTINOU (1967), PALMER and PAPACONSTANTINOU (1969), DELCOUR and PAPACONSTANTINOU (1972), CLAYTON (1970, SPECTOR (1969), and W ALEY (1969). Delta crystallin is believed to be a tetramer of four subunits of the same size each having a molecular weight of 45000-50000 daltons giving a total molecular weight of 200000 for native delta crystallin (PIATIGORSKY et aI., 1974).…”

Isolation and In Vitro Translation of δ-Crystallin mRNA from Embryonic Chick Lens Fibers

“…Electrophoresis in the presence of urea has suggested that a-crystallin is composed of as many as five non-identical subunits (34)(35)(36). In light of recent evidence concerning the behavior of a-crystallin in urea (37), we feel that this is probably an overestimate.…”

Heterogeneity of .delta.-crystallins of the embryonic mallard lens. Correlation between subunit compositions and isoelectric points

“…Finally, the existence of numerous, minor forms of native 5-crystallin having different isoelectric points from the principal forms suggests that the larger and smaller molecular weight polypeptides also possess charge heterogeneity. Electrophoretic tests of duck 5-crystallin in the presence of urea have provided evidence for charge heterogeneity among the subunits (Clayton, 1969(Clayton, , 1970. Further experiments are required in order to establish the number of different subunits composing mallard 5-crystallin, to understand the biochemical basis for their differences, and to determine whether each minor species of 5-crystallin with a different isoelectric point also has a different subunit composition.…”

The Amphibian Eye: Development and Regeneration

“…These have shown that delta (FISC), beta, and alpha crystallins appear in that order in the developing lens of the chick embryo (from 50 hrs to 4lj2 days of incubation) and are present in both lens epithelium and lens fibers (ZWANN, 1968(ZWANN, , 1974ZWANN and IKEDA, 1968;BRAHMA and VAN DOOREN-MAALEN, 1971;KATOH and YOSHIDA, 1973). The subunit composition of these three classes of crystallins and their immunologic relationships have been analyzed in detail (CLAYTON, 1969(CLAYTON, , 1970YOSHIDA and KATOH, 1971a;TRUMAN and CLAYTON, 1974;. The subunit composition of these three classes of crystallins and their immunologic relationships have been analyzed in detail (CLAYTON, 1969(CLAYTON, , 1970YOSHIDA and KATOH, 1971a;TRUMAN and CLAYTON, 1974;.…”

“…The beta crystallins are the most complex and have been shown to be a family of heteropolymers composed of different combinations of subunits. The crystallins of the calf lens (ex, {3, y} have also been thoroughly investigated and these results are reviewed by PAPACONSTANTINOU (1967), PALMER and PAPACONSTANTINOU (1969), DELCOUR and PAPACONSTANTINOU (1972), CLAYTON (1970, SPECTOR (1969), and W ALEY (1969). Delta crystallin is believed to be a tetramer of four subunits of the same size each having a molecular weight of 45000-50000 daltons giving a total molecular weight of 200000 for native delta crystallin (PIATIGORSKY et aI., 1974).…”